Flora of the Krasnodar Territory

According to scientists, more than 3,000 plant species are found in the Krasnodar Territory. This is due to the geographical location, variety of landforms and climatic conditions. The main types of vegetation in the region are plains and mountains. Since the flat part of the region is located mainly in the steppes, it is characterized by a herbaceous type of plants.

Vegetation of the plains

A vast part of the territory in the northern part of the region is occupied by steppe vegetation. It stretched from the borders of the Rostov region to the banks of the Kuban River. Now, in places where steppe feather grass, wheatgrass, vetch, timothy grass used to grow, bread grows on plowed lands. Herbs with medicinal properties are specially grown in the fields as raw materials for the medicinal industry. On the banks of the rivers in the past there were hazel, wild almonds, and prickly thorns formed impenetrable thickets. Constant felling, forest fires destroyed a large amount of woody vegetation. Now on the watersheds of the plains one can find oak, elderberry, blackthorn, wild rose, blackberry, etc. Along the river valleys - willow, willow, black and white poplar, alder. Within the Taman Peninsula, steppe vegetation is also found with the presence of sage and wormwood. Licorice, eryngium, alfalfa, timothy grass grow on the sandy shores, and sometimes you can even find camel thorn. In some places there are rare thickets of trees and shrubs. On the vast plains, mainly cultivated vegetation sprouts. The Sea of Azov is a floodplain and meadow-marsh complexes. Due to sufficient moisture, the estuaries of the Azov region are rich in aquatic vegetation. For example, these are lily, nymphaeum, water chestnut, duckweed, salvinia and varieties of algae. The shores of the estuaries are overgrown with reeds, cattails and kuga, which is also called swamp wormwood. Not far from the city of Primorsko-Akhtarsk, near the hunting lodge "Sadki", there is one of the unique places where lotuses grow. This is a medicinal plant, and in Egypt and India, its fruits are eaten. A significant part of the swamps and shallow estuaries has now been drained and is used for growing rice. Plots of forest plants in the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov are found not far from the village of Maryanskaya, in the reserved hunting estate Krasny Les. Maple, apple, pear, poplar, willow, viburnum, etc. grow here. Sometimes you can find oaks with 5 girths. Along the channel of the Kuban River and its left tributaries there are floodplain meadows with trees and shrubs. The remains of the forests in the floodplain of the Kuban are also preserved in forest park zones. Among them are Pavlovsky and Kirghiz floodplains, the Red Kut forest park, located in the microdistricts of Krasnodar.

Within the city limits of Krasnodar, the arboretum of the Kuban Agrarian University is of great interest. It was founded in 1959 and covers an area of 73 hectares. It has 1200 species of plants, not counting herbaceous ones. About 140 species were brought here from different parts of Russia and other countries of the world.

The vegetation of the Trans-Kuban plain before human intervention was broad-leaved forests of oak, beech and shrubs. Currently, the valley is a carved gentle slopes. The main part of the Trans-Kuban Plain is made up of agricultural landscapes. Along the valleys of the rivers Kuban, Laba, Belaya and their tributaries grow alder, willow, hawthorn, viburnum, buckthorn, blackthorn, elderberry, wild rose, and in some places there are thickets of sea buckthorn. On the segment from the Krasnodar reservoir to the city of Krymsk, south of the Kuban River, the strip of Zakubanskiye plavni extends, which is almost completely occupied by rice paddies and fields for growing other crops.

mountain vegetation

The steppe and forest-steppe zones of the flat part of the region are replaced in the south by broad-leaved and coniferous forests. Up to 700 meters above sea level, the main type of vegetation is oak. This is the most common tree in the mountains. Oak forms whole continuous forests, covering the foothills and spurs. Oak fruits are eaten by many animals, the bark is a valuable medicinal raw material. In addition to oak, there are a lot of ash, elm, and hornbeam in the forests. From fruit trees, apple trees, dogwood, wild cherry, walnut, viburnum, chestnut are common, from berries - gooseberries, raspberries, currants. In the deciduous forests of the Krasnodar Territory, various herbaceous plants are found; tall ferns, horsetails, club mosses. An adult can freely hide in thickets of burdocks. Other plants are dangerous to humans; when touched with the skin, they leave painful burns (Caucasian ash-tree, hogweed).

At an altitude of 1200 meters, oak forests are complemented by beech-fir trees, as well as aspen, alder and maple. Beautiful beeches with a powerful columnar trunk with light gray bark live up to 300-400 years. The wood of these trees is used in carpentry, turning and furniture production. Tar and acetone are also obtained from it. Nuts contain up to 35% oil and are edible in small quantities.

Coniferous forests are located up to an altitude of 2000 meters above sea level. These are mainly Caucasian fir and oriental spruce, also Nordmann fir - an evergreen tree with a straight trunk, the height of which reaches 60 meters. She gives building and ornamental wood and goes to paper making. Fir needles are used to prepare oils that are widely used in perfumery and medicine. Koch pine is found in open sunny areas. In the basin of the Bolshaya and Malaya Laba rivers, forests of oriental spruce have been preserved, which lives up to 500-600 years, the diameter of the trunk reaches 20 meters, and the height is 30 meters. These forests are important. Spruce wood is used to make musical instruments.

A strip of forest at an altitude of 2000 meters above sea level is replaced by subalpine meadows with a thick grass cover. Woody vegetation is also found here. Basically, these are crooked birches, undersized junipers. Most of the subalpine belt are relics. At an altitude of 2300-2500 m above sea level, such meadows are replaced by alpine ones. Due to the severity of the climate, the herbaceous vegetation here is lower and less diverse. The maximum height of herbs reaches 15 cm. Among them there are some types of bluebells, skullcap, gentian, Panyutin's mytnik. Many plants are listed in the Red Book. But, unfortunately, a variety of agricultural activities, as well as the development of tourism, have slightly changed the appearance of alpine meadows. Weeds appear (Lobel hellebore, alpine sorrel, thistle).

Gradually, with increasing height, the vegetation becomes less and less, only mosses and lichens. At 3000 m there are gray rocks covered with snow, and also almost devoid of any plants. Within the Krasnodar Territory, the territory of the Black Sea coast occupies a section from Anapa to the borders with Georgia. These places are divided into northern (from Anapa to Tuapse) and southern (from Tuapse to Adler) parts. The vegetation in the Anapa region on the plains is close to steppe, that is, predominantly grassy. Sometimes flora is almost absent in sandy areas. Only occasionally there are tamarisk bushes, from herbs - fescue, sage, astragalus, sainfoin. In the area of Novorossiysk and Gelendzhik, vegetation alternates with bare areas, which previously had good forests. Currently, the entire territory is plowed up or occupied by settlements. On the southern slope of the Markoht Ridge on the territory of the Novorossiysk Agricultural Complex, there is the Sheskharis natural complex. Downy oak, hornbeam, as well as centennial junipers up to 5 meters high grow here.

Animals and plants of the Kuban

People have managed to turn into the main species on planet Earth and every year they have an increasing impact on the world around them. Defenders of nature are working to preserve rare species, trying to compensate for the losses that the planet suffered for hundreds of years of human fishing activities, when many species of animals were simply erased forever and remained only in old photographs. Even now, not everyone can be saved, and environmentalists are forced to work without knowing the rest.

The north-east of the Kuban is represented by a steppe lowland and steppe animals live there. These are rodents of different species that spend most of their lives in burrows: ground squirrels, mice, jerboas, also moles and hamsters. The Kuban delta is more diverse: herds of wild boars are found here, foxes are found.

Rich and beautiful Kuban

The Krasnodar Territory and the Kuban itself are sung in many songs. This is a truly fertile region, rich in colors, known for its even and mild climate. Hundreds of people come here every year for relaxation and unity with nature. Local residents praise the Kuban for good soil, which gives a good harvest every year, rivers rich in fish, the beauty of high mountains and endless green meadows. Like many animals, they live well here, thanks to the climate and the surrounding atmosphere.
However, by developing his activity, a person voluntarily or unwittingly harms nature. Meadows are cleared for fields and forests are cut down, fishermen and hunters exterminate animals, and after a sloppy picnic there is a lot of garbage, and sometimes it’s not far from a fire.

Animals with plants

Defenders of nature claim that now in the Red Book there are some types of peony, adonis, also sword-grass, a fern of the species purest from plants of the Kuban. And the animals in need of protection are the Caucasian otter, the ferret-ligation, also the bustard and the serpent eagle, from the birds of the loaf with the steppe eagle, also the curly pelican. And that's just part of the list!
Thanks to the efforts of caring people, reserves were created, in the Krasnodar Territory, too, and there animals can live in their usual conditions, without fear of human influence.

Plants of the Kuban
- Pitsunda pine - only one of its subspecies is found here. It grows in a narrow strip in groves among groups of other trees. For example, 8 kilometers south of Anapa, where the slopes at Bald Mountain begin and continue to the south of Sochi.
- Juniper high - grows along the Black Sea coast, starting from Anapa further to Gelendzhik inclusive. It is also found in the Crimea, Asia Minor, and also the Balkans.
- Yew berry - it can be found more often in the Caucasus region, then the Kaliningrad region. Grows either alone or as part of a small group, large arrays are rare.

The Krasnodar Territory is located in the southwestern part of Russia.

Formed on September 13, 1937, the subject of the Russian Federation borders on many regions, territories and republics: the Rostov Region, the Stavropol Territory, the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Adygea and Abkhazia.

Flora of the Krasnodar Territory

The Krasnodar Territory is famous mainly for the steppe vegetation from Rostov to the Kuban. Previously, feather grass, couch grass, vetch, timothy grass grew in these territories, and now wheat fields have taken their place.

Before the Krasnodar Territory became popular among tourists, hazel, wild almonds, and the ubiquitous blackthorn grew along the rivers. But now on the floodplains you can find willow, willow, poplar, alder. Also in these places grow: oaks, elders, thorns, wild roses and other plants.

The steppe vegetation is represented by sage, wormwood, as well as licorice, alfalfa and timothy.

Well-moistened areas of the Krasnodar Territory are overflowing with aquatic vegetation. On the estuaries you can see a white flower, nymphaeum, steam walnut, duckweed and ferns. Along the estuaries, on the shore, reeds, cattails and kuga grow. On the territory of the Krasnodar Territory there are places where lotuses grow.

Shallow estuaries and dry swamps are suitable for growing rice, so these places are often used by the population.

If we talk about the Black Sea coast and its vegetation, then it is worth noting the diversity of mountain nature.

The forests of these places are full of mosses, lianas and heat-loving plants. They are distinguished by their versatility. Due to the warm climate, fallen leaves create ground litter in autumn, so there is always young vegetation in the mountain forests. In such forests you can find oaks, beeches, chestnuts, lindens, maples. Also often there are such types of trees: birch, apple and pear, sweet cherry, cherry plum and dogwood.

The highland zone is suitable for the growth of firs.

Blueberries and mountain ash and rhododes grow under tree trunks.

Behind the forests is subalpine. Umbrella and leguminous plants, ranunculus and Compositae grow here. One of the representatives of these plants is cow parsnip, belous, rosette, primrose and cuffs.

Fauna of the Krasnodar Territory

The fauna of the Krasnodar Territory is quite wide and varied. Many animals living in these territories are listed in the Red Book.

Representatives of rare and protected animals are: polecat, Caucasian otter, golden eagle, bustard, serpent eagle, gravedigger, steppe eagle, osprey, pelicans and many other animals.

The forest zone is perfect for the habitat and life of many animals. For example, foxes, pheasants, quails, hedgehogs, moles, jerboas and hares.

The most valuable and rare species of animals are found in the mountains. Here you can meet wild boars, Caucasian deer, jackals, roe deer, mountain goats and bison. Predatory representatives are also brown bears, wolves, foxes, lynxes, badgers and others.

Otters and minks live near the rivers, and raccoon dogs are also found near them.

Rare species in the Krasnodar Territory are mountain goats, mountain bison, chamois, Caucasian snowcocks and Caucasian black grouse.

There are a lot of fish in the rivers, you can even meet sturgeon species.

Among the birds and galliformes, you can find many geese and ducks, sandpipers.

Representatives of reptiles are: marsh and Greek turtles, water and common snakes, steppe vipers and legless lizards.

There are a huge number of birds in the forests. Trills and flapping wings of magpies, orioles, thrushes, cuckoo jays and owls are heard in the valley. The sound of woodpeckers is heard everywhere. Harriers, falcons and hawks live on the flat territories.

Bitterns, black grouse, quails, mountain turkeys, cormorants, gulls, and owls are also found in the Krasnodar Territory. In cities and villages there are also a considerable number of birds: swallows, sparrows, pigeons, tits, starlings and others.

Climate in the Krasnodar Territory

Spring comes in early March. It is characterized by temperature variability and strong winds. The average temperature in April is +10 degrees.

Summer in the Krasnodar Territory lasts almost 5 months. The average temperature is 25-30 degrees, sometimes even higher. The Krasnodar summer is characterized by frequent rains followed by sunshine.

Autumn comes in October. The temperature during this period does not rise above 15 degrees, and closer to December it drops lower and lower. This month is characterized by heavy rainfall. The first snow falls in November, but lasts no more than 2 days.

Winter in the Krasnodar Territory is quite mild. The average winter temperature is between 0 and 2 degrees. There is almost no snow cover, only on mountain peaks.

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Fauna and flora of the Kuban

Reservoirs of the Krasnodar Territory. Black and Azov seas

Kuban river

Chelbas Bolshaya Laba

Caucasian State Biosphere Reserve. The reserve was established in 1924. It is located on the northern and southern slopes of the Main Caucasian Range. The total area of the reserve is 280 thousand hectares. Main goals: nature protection, restoration of valuable species of animals and birds: bison, aurochs, Caucasian deer, etc.

Rivers flow through the territory of the reserve: Mzymta, Khosta, Shakhe, Sochi, Belaya, Malaya Laba, etc. There are more than 120 lakes here. They are small in area and are often completely free of ice only by the middle of summer. The largest lake in the reserve is Silence Lake. Lakes Huko, Kardyvach, Blue and Atsetuk lakes are distinguished by their special beauty.

The nature of the Caucasian State Biosphere Reserve is uniquely beautiful and diverse.

More than 3,000 plant species grow in the Krasnodar Territory. This richness of the plant world is explained by the variety of natural conditions in the region. The unreasonable economic activity of people has led to the fact that some plants become rare and endangered. They are listed in the Red Book of the Kuban.

Minerals of the Krasnodar Territory.

The Krasnodar Territory is the oldest oil-producing region in Russia. Oil production started in 1864.

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1. Flora and fauna of the Krasnodar Territory

bioresource plant water discharge

The vegetation of the Northwestern Caucasus is very rich and diverse. The flora of the Krasnodar Territory includes about 3,000 species of higher vascular plants.

The special environmental significance of the region's vegetation lies in the fact that it is an integral part of one of the world's centers of species diversity, represented within the Greater Caucasus. In the flora of the Krasnodar Territory there are a large number of useful plants: 250 medicinal species, over 140 essential oil species, hundreds of species of honey plants. In a relatively small area, various latitudinal-zonal and altitudinal-belt types of vegetation are represented here, to varying degrees retaining their original natural landscape appearance.

In the southwestern part of the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov, floodplain meadows and floodplains are located. The left bank of the Kuban is represented by forest-steppe. On the Black Sea coast, the seaside strip is covered with a low-growing forest of downy oak, dogwood, hornbeam, barberry, as well as rich herbaceous vegetation, with evergreens: laurel cherry, rhododendron and various lianas. Representatives of the tropics and subtropics grow here: camellia, agave, fan palms, ornamental banana, bamboo, cork oak, citrus fruits, figs, persimmons.

Forests in the Krasnodar Territory are located along vertical belts, confined to certain elevations. In the foothill and low-mountain parts of the region, oak forests predominate, formed by the formation of sessile, pedunculate, fluffy oak and Gortvis; in the same belt there are forests formed by various types of pine and chestnut.

Above is a belt of beech forests, gradually turning into mixed forests of oriental beech and Caucasian fir, they are replaced by birch crooked forests and subalpine meadows. The forest fund of the region is 1695.7 thousand hectares. At the same time, the main forest-forming species are hardwoods (including oak, beech), conifers, fir, and softwoods.

The fauna of the Krasnodar Territory, located at the junction of three large zoogeographic provinces of the world - the Mediterranean, European-Siberian and Central Asian, and is particularly diverse. 86 species of mammals, 20 reptiles, over 300 birds, 11 species of amphibians inhabit the territory of the region. Many species of animals are listed in the Red Books of Russia and the Krasnodar Territory (Caucasian otter, polecat, golden eagle, bustard, short-toed eagle, spoonbill, white-tailed eagle and others).

2. Land bioresources

2.1 Plants

The flora of the region includes about 30 thousand species, of which more than half are vascular plants. The dendroflora includes 165 species, of which 142 are deciduous, 16 are evergreen deciduous and 7 are coniferous. Of the total number of relict species - 22%, endemic - 24%. The alpine flora includes 819 species of herbaceous plants, of which 287 are endemic. 30 species of rare and endangered plants are listed in the Red Book of Russia.

The region is rich in a variety of valuable medicinal plants, of which about 200 species are used in medicine. The most significant reserves of medicinal herbs are noted in the mountainous and foothill regions of the region.

2.2 Animals

The fauna of the region, which occupies the Western part of the Caucasus, is rich and diverse. This is due to the history of the formation of the fauna of the region, located at the junction of three major zoogeographic provinces of the world: Mediterranean, European-Siberian and Central Asian. In terms of species composition, diversity and the presence of endemic animals, the Caucasus occupies a leading position in Russia.

The region is home to 86 species of mammals, 20 reptiles, over 300 birds, 11 amphibian species, while a significant number of animals are listed in the Red Book of Russia (11 mammals, 24 birds, 2 amphibians, 3 species of reptiles). Among them are such rare species as the Caucasian otter, polecat, golden eagle, bustard, short-toed eagle, loaf, spoonbill, gravedigger, steppe eagle, white-tailed eagle, curly and pink pelicans, peregrine falcon, osprey, gyrfalcon, little bustard, Caucasian black grouse, etc. .

In recent years, there has been a tendency to reduce the number of animal species. The richness and species diversity of the fauna is directly dependent on the quality of the habitat of animals, the state of which is constantly deteriorating. The habitat of animals is also significantly reduced due to the allocation of land for various economic projects. The transformation of the steppe, floodplain and part of the mountainous territory has led to a reduction in the ranges of many species. Due to the widespread reduction in the areas of the most important stations - nesting, calving, wintering areas, there is a further decrease in the number of many species of game animals and birds, amphibians, reptiles and pollinating insects, including those listed in the Red Book of Russia.

Under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors, the number of deer individuals decreased from 2450 to 1990, wild boar - from 6600 to 4800, roe deer - from 5900 to 4700. The number of such valuable animals as muskrat, raccoon, raccoon dog continues to decline. In recent years, the pressure on hunting grounds has increased significantly.

2.3 Aquatic bioresources

The region is rich in various water bodies, valuable in terms of fisheries. These include more than 500 rivers with a total length of about 14 thousand km, 6 reservoirs with an area of 59.1 thousand hectares. From the northwest, the Krasnodar Territory is washed by the waters of the Azov Sea and from the southwest by the Black Sea. Along their coast, in the section from the city of Anapya to the city of Yeisk, a chain of shallow Kuban delta estuaries, very different in size, configuration and depth, stretches in an almost continuous strip from 10 to 30 km wide. There are 10 thousand hectares of feeding and 2.8 thousand hectares of nursery ponds in the region for growing marketable fish and fish stock. There are 4 sturgeon fish breeding plants on the territory of the region, the capacity for the production of 23.7 million pieces of sturgeon fry. In addition, on the ponds of the Kuban zonal fish hatchery with an area of 60.4 hectares, since 1995, work has been carried out to obtain and release annually 3 million sturgeon juveniles. 4 spawning and rearing farms annually release 4.7 billion young roach and 502 million young pike perches. Also, the Adler Industrial and Experimental Salmon Fish Breeding Plant for the production of juvenile salmon fish operates in the region. On the Kiziltash estuaries, the Kiziltash feeding and reproduction mullet farm operates.

The high anthropogenic load in the region has had an extremely negative impact on the state of fish stocks. The general condition of the population of the main commercial fish (sturgeon, pike perch, ram, bream) remains difficult. The decline in catches of valuable commercial fish over the past 10 years has been 2.5 times for ram, 1.5 times for sturgeon, 6 times for anchovy, 21 times for kilka, and 20 times for kilka. Compared with the pre-war years, the catch of sturgeon decreased 4.5 times, herring - 14.5 times, ram - 14 times.

The beluga population is in critical condition, and the number of stellate sturgeon is steadily declining. The catch of zander has decreased by almost 10 times.

The established catch limits are not systematically mastered. At the same time, the loss of sturgeons in terms of the biomass of the mature part of the population is more than 2 times higher than the volume of catch by the official fishery, which indicates the threatening scale of poaching and theft of fish from commercial fishing gear.

Great damage to fish stocks is caused by water intake facilities on the Kuban and Protoka rivers, which do not have effective fish protection devices. Pollution of estuaries with waste water from rice systems leads to the death of the adult part of the population of semi-anadromous fish from cumulative toxicosis. As a result of the drawdown of reservoir levels during the spawning period of phytophilic fish, huge spawning areas with already laid incubating eggs are drained, which leads to colossal losses of fish products.

Nature has awarded the Krasnodar Territory with a special climate. We can say about it that it is moderately continental in the north of the region, and subtropical in the south, in the area of the city of Sochi. The rate of precipitation is from 400 to 1400 mm in the area of the city of Sochi and about 3200 mm per year in the area of Krasnaya Polyana. The average temperature in July in the Krasnodar Territory is kept at + 22 - 24C.

The nature of the Krasnodar Territory is unusually rich in representatives of flora and fauna. On the territory of the region grow, in particular, unique mixed deciduous forests. In them you will find oak, beech, and chestnut. Many, smaller inhabitants of these forests are listed in the Red Book. Coniferous trees are represented by pines, spruces and firs. They saturate the air of these wonderful forests with biologically active substances that are extremely beneficial for human health.

Magnificent white lilies grow in the alpine meadows of the region. The Krasnodar Territory is famous, first of all, for its vineyards and orchards, in which almost all types of fruit trees grow and give a bountiful harvest. The climate of the region even allows the cultivation of tobacco and some types of tea leaves in the south of the region.

The Krasnodar Territory is a unique region of the Russian Federation due to the uniqueness of its geographical position, the exceptional diversity of natural landscapes, soil and climatic resources, surface and ground waters, flora and fauna. The Black Sea coast of the region is the only seaside resort and recreation area in our country with a sufficiently developed infrastructure, and only here Russia has a small area of subtropics. Therefore, despite the difficult economic conditions, one of the most important tasks currently facing the region is the preservation of this unique natural complex. The Krasnodar Territory is located on the territory of the North-Western Caucasus, its total area is about 83.6 thousand square meters. km. More than 5 million people live on its territory.

The land fund of the Krasnodar Territory is 7546.4 thousand hectares. Most of the territory of the region (4783.6 thousand hectares) is occupied by the lands of agricultural enterprises, of which 88.5% is arable land.

The soils of the Krasnodar Territory are very diverse. According to the last round of land assessment of the region, the quality of agricultural land and arable land is the highest in Russia. The main wealth of the region is Kuban chernozems, unique in their power and humus content.

Water resources of the region. Surface waters in the Krasnodar Territory are represented by the Black and Azov Seas, a developed river network, lakes and estuaries. The largest waterway is the Kuban River, which originates outside the region on the slopes of Mount Elbrus. The Kuban delta covers an area of about 3500 sq. km. and is a series of shallow lakes and estuaries. The main tributaries of the Kuban River are Belaya, Laba, Urup, Pshish, Psekups, Afips, etc.

The northern half of the region has a large number of rivers. The largest steppe rivers are the Yeya, Sosyka, Yaseni, Albashi, Ponura, Beisug, Kirpili. They are characterized by shallow water, silt and weak current as a result of artificial dams, which slow down or even make it impossible for the free flow of water and its discharge into the Sea of Azov. The rivers of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus: Mzymta, Sochi, Psezuapse, Vulan and others are distinguished by a pronounced flood regime, their solid runoff contributes to the formation of Black Sea beaches. Of the lakes, the picturesque Abrau Lake near the city of Anapa and Khanskoe Lake to the north of the Beisug Estuary, whose mud has healing properties, should be noted. Limans are a characteristic feature of the region - shallow reservoirs created by steppe rivers, seas and the delta of the Kuban River.

Surface water resources of the region in 1998 amounted to 22.56 km3, including: the Kuban river basin 13.25 km3, the rivers of the Eastern Azov region - 1.81 km3, the Black Sea coast - 7.5 km3.

Groundwater is one of the main sources of fresh water in the Krasnodar Territory and is confined to two artesian basins: the Bolshekavkazsky (Black Sea coast and mountainous part) and the Azov-Kubansky (piedmont and flat part). In total, 38 deposits of fresh groundwater have been explored in the region, of which operational reserves of 4.3 million m3 per day have been approved.

The mineral resources of the region are represented by hydrocarbon raw materials, non-ferrous metals, non-metallic minerals, underground waters, including fresh, mineral and thermal waters, therapeutic mud, ornamental and colored stones. Over the past 10 years, Russia's largest deposits of iodine-bromine waters, fresh and mineral waters, salt, and molding sands have been explored.

Primorsky districts and the upland part of the region are rich in mineral springs, diverse in chemical composition and valuable in medical terms. The most valuable of them are the hydrogen sulfide springs of Matsesta and sulfur-alkaline mineral waters of Goryachiy Klyuch. Outcrops of mineral springs can be traced almost along the entire Black Sea coast: near Krasnaya Polyana, near Gelendzhik, Anapa, as well as along the rivers of the northern slope: Ubin, Afips, Belaya. Of great interest from the point of view of national economic use in the future are deposits of thermal waters in the Mostovsky district.

The fund of fishery reservoirs on the territory of the Krasnodar Territory has 473 rivers with a length of about 14 thousand km, 23 of which, with a length of 5.8 thousand km, are under a special protection regime. The fishery area of the Black Sea is 56.2 thousand square meters. km, Azov - 11.0 thousand square meters. km. Specially protected marine areas are 1.9 thousand square meters. km .. This is the Anapa Bank in the Black Sea, the estuarine sections of the waters of the Kuban and Protoka rivers in the Sea of Azov. The area of 140 estuaries of fishery importance is 198.2 thousand square meters. km., 4 reservoirs - 53.6 thousand square meters. km .. Such a significant fishery fund provided in the favorable 40s the total catch of fish in the amount of 120 thousand tons per year, and valuable species: sturgeon, fish, shamaya, pikeperch, ram, carp, bream, amounted to more than 43 thousand tons , or 35.8%.

The main causes of water pollution are wastewater from rice systems contaminated with biogenic elements and pesticides, inefficient operation of urban wastewater treatment plants, the extremely unsatisfactory condition of sewerage networks in settlements, the low degree of industrial wastewater treatment, accidental spills of oil and oil products.

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