Ramadan. Everything you need to know. Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr - what kind of holiday? Celebration traditions, schedule, calendar, what is forbidden What month comes after Ramadan

Unlike the Gregorian calendar, the Islamic year does not begin on January 1, but on the day of the Hijra, when the Prophet Muhammad moved from Mecca to Medina in 622 AD. Each of the 12 months of the Muslim calendar has an average of 29 days. However, there is no fixed start and end date for each month as they float based on the phase of the moon (new moon to new moon). In total, the lunar year has 354 days, so it is 11 days shorter than the solar year. That is why the calendar shifts by 11 days every year, and, consequently, the dates of some holidays change.

In total, there are 36 holidays in the Muslim calendar. Each of them has a sacred meaning for representatives of the Islamic world.

The main distinguishing feature of the Islamic calendar is that it does not have holidays borrowed from other religions. Since Muhammad forbade his followers to celebrate the events of other faiths.

In February

• February 19 - The suffering of Fatima.

Fatima is the youngest daughter of the Prophet Muhammad. For Muslims, she is an example of piety and patience, as well as the best moral qualities. She died a few months after the death of her father. Believers consider the death of Fatima as an act of martyrdom, and in honor of this, they annually honor her memory with 20 days of mourning.

In March

Several events are celebrated in the first month of spring.

• 21 March - .

In some countries they are called Nooruz, Navryz. It marks the renewal of life, and is also considered the day of purification. It is customary to prepare for it in advance, 2 weeks in advance. Believers germinate wheat and lentils, which then decorate the festive table. Be sure to clean up the house. There is a belief that in Navruz Allah forgives sins and debts.

• March 22 - Night of Raghaib.
• March 25 - Hijri to Ethiopia.
• March 31 - Imam Ali's birthday.

In April

• April 14 - Isra and Miraj.

Isra - the transfer of the Prophet Muhammad from the mosque located in Mecca to the Jerusalem mosque, and his subsequent ascension to Heaven (Miraj).

In May

• May 1 - Night of Baraat.

Believers are sure that on this night Allah is able not only to forgive sins and debts, but also to punish and repay sins. That is why Muslims on this day pray with special trepidation and promise not to do anything bad.

• May 2 - Imam Mahdi's birthday.
• May 17 - the beginning of the Holy month.

Ramadan (in some countries called Orozo, Ramadan) is the most respected post in Islamic culture. Duration is a month. At this time, believers are forbidden to consume food and water during daylight hours, use foul language, smoke, and have sexual intercourse. The main goal is to cleanse yourself spiritually and bodily, to realize your mistakes and not to allow them in the future.

On the same date, they also make a small pilgrimage, Umrah.

In June

• June 2 - Battle of Badr.
• June 5 - Fatah Day Mecca.
• June 6 - Suffering of Imam Ali.
• June 9 - Night of Power and Predestination.

Another big religious holiday. It is believed that it was on this day that the first suras of the Holy Quran were revealed to the Prophet Muhammad.

• June 15 is the end of the holy month of Ramadan.

In different Muslim countries, the event is called differently - Uraza Bayram, Ramadan Bayram or Orozo Ait. It is customary to visit the mosque, distribute alms, invite relatives and lay a rich table.

• June 15 - Battle of the moat.
• June 17 - Battle of Uhud.
• June 24 - Battle of Hunayn.

In July

• July 9 - Suffering of Imam Jafar.
• July 15 - Treaty of Hudaybiya.

In August

• August 13 - the beginning of the month of Zul-Hijjah.
• August 21 - Day of Arafat.

Celebrates the expulsion of Adam and Eve from Paradise. Believers are convinced that if you sin on this day, the sin will be increased 100 times and will definitely return on earth or in existence after death.

• August 22 is the Feast of the Sacrifice.

It marks the end of the Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca). In some countries they call it, in others (for example, in Kyrgyzstan) - Kurman Ait. It is customary to set a rich table and bring a lamb as a sacrifice. At the same time, the meat of the animal is divided into 3 parts, one of which is given to the poor, the second is eaten with relatives, relatives and friends, and the third is not forbidden to be left to yourself.

• August 23 - At-Tashriq.
• August 30 - Gadir-Khum.

In September

• September 5 - Eid al-Mubahil.
• September 11 - Hijri New Year.

It is from this day that the lunar calendar begins. At the same time, the onset of the new year is celebrated in Muslim countries differently than in European and Western countries. There is no Christmas tree, no fireworks, no champagne at midnight, believers do not even lay a magnificent table, instead they go to the mosque and read a sermon about the Prophet Muhammad.

• September 17 - a trip to Khaibar.
• September 19 - Tashua of Imam Hussein.
• September 20 - Day of Ashura or commemoration of the prophets of the messengers of Allah.

Date of creation of heaven, angels and the first man on Earth. But for believers, this is not a festive event at all, but a mourning one, so many Muslims publicly torture themselves, and appropriate music and lamentations are heard from everywhere.

In October

• October 11 - the beginning of the month of Safar.
• October 30 - Arbain.

In November

• November 5 - Hijri Night.
• November 7 - The day of the death of the Prophet Muhammad - one of the saddest events in the Islamic religion.
• November 20 is the birthday of the Prophet Muhammad.

In most Muslim countries, this date is an official holiday. The event is celebrated on a large scale, in some states and subjects of the Russian Federation they arrange a three-day vacation.

How to fast in Ramadan?

There are many significant dates in each faith. In Catholicism, some are celebrated, in Orthodoxy, others.

In Islam, there are also special dates when believers refrain from all human passions and purify their soul and body from earthly filth a share of eternal bliss. In the article, we will take a closer look at how to fast in Ramadan and what prohibitions fasting imposes on believers.

When is the month of Ramadan in 2020, what date does Uraza begin?

Muslims are no different from other believers: solemn events for them take place in an atmosphere of joy, holiness, when hunger and thirst meet with satisfaction, and the fate of the poor is fully realized.

The month passes in observing fasting and reading prayers on the days of remembrance. Like other believers, Muslims have certain prohibitions on human passions that are imposed by fasting.

What kind of holiday is Ramadan?

• The holy month of Ramadan is considered the most honorable for believers. It is based on faith in Allah. A full-fledged fast will be when a person is cleansed of sins by his behavior and receives the pleasure of Allah.
• It is considered impermissible to waste time during the Holy month. After all, it is on these days that Muslims can be rewarded for their good deeds. Wisdom consists in not violating the rules of fasting imposed on the believers by Allah.
• In Ramadan, there is also an improvement in the good qualities of believers who fast. Quarrels and strife cease, the hearts of friends unite, and a sense of responsibility and compassion for the poor is instilled.

On Ramadan, fasting begins. And all believers are required to adhere to it.

• As for the Orthodox, the date of the Easter holidays changes every year, and for Muslims, the onset of the month of Ramadan is calculated according to the phases of the lunar calendar and the difference from previous years can be within 10-11 calendar days. Therefore, the date of the onset of the Holy period for Muslims changes every year.

• Ramadan starts in April 2020, namely 24 numbers. End of Ramadan fasting May, 23rd. May 23 at dawn start - Uraza Bayram.

• The sacred period for Muslims has long originated in the warm season, since it always falls in the summer months.

In the literal translation, Ramadan means "sultry", "hot". However, not all believers perceive the holiday in this way. For most, the literal translation does not mean the summer season, but following the strictest rules that must be followed.

History reference

• How is the exact date of Ramadan determined? Every year, the date of the onset of the Holy Period for Muslims is indicated in the teachings of theologians. They also determine the day of the onset of Ramadan, based on the phases of the moon.
• The onset of the 9th month of the calendar is the onset of the sacred period of the Muslim faith. By the way the night luminary is located, the date of the holiday is determined.
• The mission of the prophet was indicated in the "frank words" received by Muhammad that day. At the same time, Muslim believers received the Koran, a gift from Allah.
• According to ancient tradition, on the day when the Sacred Period begins, Allah becomes open to resolve the fate of the believers in a safe way and fulfill their forgiveness.

Uraza Bayram in 2020: date

Confessors of Islam are often interested in the issue of the fasting of Eid al-Fitr. After all, it also does not have a fixed date. Traditionally, fasting occurs on the ninth month of the Muslim calendar.

• Since the post Ramadan in 2020 starts April 24, and the Sacred period ends at night With 22 to 23 May(to fast exactly 29 days), then Eid al Adha falls on May, 23rd.
• Fasting during one of the biggest holidays in Islam, Eid al-Fitr, is very strict.
• Great feast of breaking the fast Eid al Adha begins immediately after the end of the post. At this time, all the faithful are allowed to eat everything that they could not afford in fasting.
• Believers prepare for the holiday a month before its onset, and expect it all year. After the Great Lent, which lasts throughout the month, the day of breaking the fast comes.
• All adult Muslims are required to adhere to the rules of fasting Uraza. Children, the sick, the insane may not fast.
• All month, believers only after dark have the right to eat food. Only under such a condition does the spiritual purification of the faithful take place.
• Fasting takes place in the muting of all your passions and desires. Time should be spent in many hours of prayer.
• There is an equalization of the poor with the rich, which cleanses from committed sins, among which gluttony occupies the first place.

With the onset of night, believers can begin breaking the fast. Only eating should be spent at the same table with friends and acquaintances, and not exclusively in the family circle or alone.

• It is also good to invite the poor to break the fast together, since helping the afflicted means doing a deed pleasing to Allah.
• After finishing their meal, believers go to the mosque to pray and indulge in the reading of the Koran.
• During prayer, the faithful ask for good for all people and forgiveness for their sins.
• After the appearance of the new moon, the fast ends. Muslims have a holiday. They say morning prayers.
• There are many believers in mosques at this time. Not everyone gets inside the mosque and prays next to it.
• On such a joyful day, the worshipers feel like one family. The poor receive gifts, because each family prepares aid in advance for them and presents it during the celebration.

Traditionally, parents are paid visits on such a day. The next meal is shared with them.

When do Muslims fast Ramadan in 2020, and its schedule?

• Muslim fasting begins on April 24, 2020 and lasts 29 days. Fasting ends on May 23, 2020 at night and Uraza Bayram begins on May 23.

Schedule for Lent

• Eating should be completed 20 minutes before the FAJR time.
• You can start eating during Magrib.

Ramadan Fasting Schedule 2020

Muslim holidays in 2019

Prayer schedule in Tatarstan

Ramadan or Ramadan: what is the correct name?

• The Arabic word "Ramadan" is based on the name of the most revered month. But to simplify the pronunciation of the name of the holiday by non-Arabs, changes took place in the word: the letters “dad” were replaced by the letter “for”.
• This is due to the presence of the specific letter "dad" exclusively in Arabic and the absence of its counterpart in other languages. Only knowledge of the special qualities of the letter "dad" can achieve its clear and correct pronunciation.
• It is correct to pronounce both Ramadan and Ramadan in everyday speech. But while reading the Qur'an, the letter "dad" is not replaced by the letter "for": this distorts the meaning, which is unacceptable.

What breaks fasting in the month of Ramadan?

Muslims learn about the main foundations and prohibitions of fasting from the Koran.

According to the schedule of the basic rules of Ramadan, fasting should be:

• stop eating and drinking completely
• start eating before dawn
• during the day, snacks, drinking any liquids (compotes, fruit drinks, water, tea) are excluded
• refuse intimacy, various caresses and exciting actions
• refrain from smoking, using narcotic substances, drinking drinks containing alcohol (they poison the human body, therefore they should not enter the body of a believer during Holy Lent)
• do not cheat
• don't swear
• do not mention the name of Allah while swearing
• do not chew gum
• do not cleanse the body with enemas (cleansing unnaturally is prohibited)

It is considered a violation:

• swallowing liquids (even water when bathing)
• omission of niyat (conscious performance of an action; niyat should be recited every day during the Holy month between night and morning prayers)

How to keep Ramadan, how to fast?

Ramadan passes for believers without entertainment and pleasure.

• Eat only light food after sunset.
• Before dawn (two hours before dawn) you can eat more plentiful and heavy food.
• Fatty and spicy foods should be excluded or reduced as much as possible, as their use increases thirst.
• Having arbitrarily broken the fast, the believer must extend the fasting time by 1 day and pay the poor person money equal to 3.5 kg of wheat or pay him food for the same amount.
• The commission of carnal sin during fasting is compensated by 60 days of fasting or the organization of feeding the poor.
• If the believer had good reasons for not fasting, then he can make up for the missed day by any other day of fasting until the next Ramadan.
• In the last days of Ramadan, believers pray hard, repent of their sins and analyze their mistakes.
• On the last day of fasting, Muslims read a solemn prayer. A prerequisite is the distribution of alms. It can be dry food or money.

Ramadan: what can you eat?

• The first days of fasting are very difficult. But then the body begins to rebuild and food restrictions are tolerated more easily.
• At the end of the day after sunset, the time for iftar comes, which should not end with overeating.
• While eating iftar, it is recommended to eat a few dates and drink water.
• And only after a while you can start eating the main dishes.

The best option for the main meal:

• restriction of flour and fried
• preference for vegetable dishes
• meat and vegetable dish
• a fish dish
• vegetable salad
• cereal dishes
• limited amount of sweets
• You can arrange 3-5 meals

Beverages:

• fresh juices
• store-bought juices diluted with water to reduce acidity
• fruit drinks
• compotes
• kissels
• water and tea
• not strong coffee

Intention to Fast Ramadan

Intention (niyat) is pronounced nightly before fasting to oneself. But the intention that the believer pronounces at the beginning of the night also counts. However, it is better to pronounce the intention in the second half of the night, which is closer in time to fasting.

An intention pronounced after dawn breaks the fast.

Health benefits of fasting Ramadan

Conventional diets can help shed pounds and reduce blood sugar, but can cause side effects. Therefore, it is better to follow a diet under the supervision of the attending physician.

While fasting in Ramadan:

• A person does not remain hungry and consumes calories adequately: without any food restrictions.
• Carbohydrates are burned (the amount of sugar and insulin in the blood decreases), from which energy is extracted.
• Fat accumulations are burned.
• There is a rest of the body at the physiological level. The metabolic process is normalized.
• There are no side effects.
• The body is cleansed, thoughts are cleansed.
• A person after fasting can forever give up bad habits.

Can you brush your teeth in Ramadan?

In Ramadan, Muslims use a special tool to clean the mouth from food debris. This is a sivak (miswak).

• It is not considered a violation of the fast to brush your teeth with a toothbrush.
• However, the use of toothpaste breaks the fast as the person may swallow the paste.
• It is recommended to brush your teeth with toothpaste in the evening or early in the morning.

Can you swallow saliva during Ramadan?

• Swallowing saliva during Ramadan does not break the fast.
• If dust or smoke accidentally gets into the throat, then this also does not violate the fast.

Congratulations on the coming month of Ramadan

If you are looking for beautiful congratulations on the advent of the month of Ramadan, then look at the following collection.

Strict post. Commands the Quran
Observe it.
Everyone welcomes Ramadan
With a pure soul.

May Allah bless
For a good cause
Ignites the light in the hearts
Faith helps.

In the glorious month of Ramadan
The Koran was sent to the people,
To carry the truth
With an explanation of the way

As it is written in the Quran,
Muslims this month
In memory of your shrine
Keep fasting from now on.

For believers, fasting is help,
To be closer to God
To grow spiritually
Subdue your passions.

Holy Ramadan is coming -
Great Muslim holiday.
For the purification of the soul
Fast, pray and do not sin.

And may Allah help us
Overcome vice and fear.
Help friends and family
Wish them only the best!

Congratulations on the advent of Ramadan! Let there be in life strong faith, pure love and lasting happiness. I wish you to keep everything that you value and appreciate. Good luck, good people on the path of life and respect for others.

Ramadan is here, congratulations! This month is the most important for all Muslims. A strict fast begins, it is designed to help you strengthen your faith. May goodness and mutual understanding settle in your home and hearts, and may your prayers be heard by the Almighty. Be happy, I wish you health and prosperity!

Happy holy month of Ramadan! I sincerely wish happiness and health, rethink your life, drive away all bad thoughts and intentions. May faith and hope only grow stronger. Strength to you!

Prayer before meals in the month of Ramadan

Before morning and evening meals Muslims say special prayers. Here is their text:

Intention to fast: Nawatu savma gadin an ‘ada’i Ramadan hazihi-s-sanati ‘imanan wa-htisaban li-llahi ta’ala“I intend to keep the Fast of tomorrow this year’s Ramadan in accordance with faith and sincerely for the sake of Allah.

Or for a whole month, then the intention is made on the first night of Ramadan: Navaytu siyama salasina yawman ‘an shahri Ramadan hazihi-s-sanati“I intend to observe the thirty-day Fast of the month of Ramadan this year.

Before eating say: Ya wasi'a-l-magfirati, igfir li Bismi-llahi-r-Rahmani-r-Rahim– Oh Allah! You are the All-Merciful, the Forgiving. I begin with the Name of Allah, Merciful to all in this World and only to believers in the Other World.

After eating, the following dua is read: Allahhumma laka sumtu wa-'ala rizkika 'aftartu– Oh Allah! For Your sake I fasted and took the food You gave me.

What should be done in Ramadan?

In the blessed moments of the sacred period, the believer should behave as follows:

• Stop fasting after sunset.
• Having stopped fasting before the start of the fourth prayer, eat a date or, in its absence, drink water.
• Do not slander and do not deceive.
• Do not look at what is forbidden.
• Do not support empty talk, fights.

Ramadan rules for women

• A woman should not stop fasting when she feels that menstrual blood begins to come out. Only when she sees her, she should stop fasting.
• During the fast of Ramadan, a woman is not forbidden to taste food for salt.
• It is also not forbidden to use perfume and jewelry for the spouse at home during the day during fasting.
• A woman can fast only after cleansing from bleeding and childbirth.
• Women should remind their husbands during daylight hours about the prohibition of sexual intimacy.
• At night, until dawn, sexual intimacy is allowed.
• Women should not skip prayers, explaining this by the need to cook something in the kitchen.
• You should not have parties outside the house after breaking the fast.

Why is Ramadan eaten only at night?

This is the will of Allah. The meaning of fasting is for a person to improve in prayer and do good deeds. Bodily abstinence helps to increase attention to the spiritual life.

Namaz in the month of Ramadan

Among the prescriptions of Almighty Allah, there are such duties that believers must follow strictly, without any omissions. Only in this way can a Muslim become closer to the Lord. Such a prescription is the fulfillment of five obligatory prayers during the day and night period.

What not to do during the month of Ramadan?

• You can not stay in the water or bath for a long time (water can enter the body).
• You can not hug and perform actions aimed at excitement.
• You can't gargle.
• You can't taste the food.
• Saliva must not be swallowed.

Video: how to meet and spend Ramadan?

The calendar is one of the essential elements of every person's daily life. Muslims have their own system of chronology, based on which they observe certain religious prescriptions.

Most of the world's countries today use the Gregorian solar calendar, which counts from the birth of Jesus Christ (Prophet Isa, r.a.) and includes 12 months (365 or 366 days). In Islam, it is taken as a basis, counting the days from the moment of the Hijra - the migration of the Prophet Muhammad (SV) and the first Muslims from Mecca to Medina, which occurred in 622 according to the Gregorian calendar (it is called Miladi). The key difference is that the Muslim calendar is shorter than the Gregorian one by 11-12 days, so the onset of certain religiously significant events occurs on different dates of the Gregorian calendar.

At the same time, Muslims do not have a universal unified Islamic calendar, since different methods are used to determine the new month. Some theologians argue that this moment comes when a new moon is visible in the sky. Others believe that in this case one should resort to the latest technologies and determine the onset of the month by satellite. It is the presence of these disagreements that leads to the fact that the same event (for example, the onset of the month of Ramadan, the celebration of Uraza-Bayram, and so on) in different states and even regions of one country occurs at different times.

The Muslim calendar, like the Gregorian, has 12 months. God's final revelation says:

“Indeed, the number of months with Allah is twelve. So it was written in Scripture on the day when Allah created the heavens and the earth. Four of them are forbidden months" (9:36)

Features of each month

1. Muharram

The Islamic calendar begins with the month of Muharram. It occupies a special position and is one of the four forbidden months in Islam, which are mentioned in the aforementioned verse. Their prohibition is due to the fact that our Creator has imposed a ban on conflicts and warfare in these months.

The month of Muharram, which stands out in particular in Islam, carries great dignity for the faithful. For example, this period is considered very favorable for those who are going to hold an additional post. The final Messenger of God (s.g.v.) explained: “After Ramadan, the best way to fast is Muharram - the month of the Lord” (hadith from Muslim and Abu Daud).

Separately, Muslims single out the day of Ashura in the month of Muharram, which falls on its tenth day. The significance of this date is evidenced by the fact that many important events in the history of Islam fall precisely on (in 2019 it is September 9). Fasting on the 10th of the month of Muharram is believed to expiate the sins of the whole year. As proof, a reliable saying of the Prophet Muhammad (s.g.v.) is cited: “The one who fasts on the day of Ashura is forgiven of sins for a year” (hadith from Muslim, at-Tirmizi and Ahmad). However, Shiite theologians argue that fasting on this day should not be observed, since this is the date of the tragic death of Imam Hussein, who is especially revered by Shiite Muslims.

2. Safar

The second month of the Islamic lunar calendar is Safar. Among the Arabs of the pre-Islamic period, it was considered a month of disasters, and therefore during this period they tried not to go on long journeys, not to marry, etc. The Mercy of the Worlds Muhammad (s.g.v.) dispelled these prejudices, declaring: “There are no bad signs of the month of Safar” (Muslim).

It should be remembered that everything in this world comes from our Creator, no matter what month it is.

3. Rabi ul-Awwal

In the Muslim calendar, the third month is the month of Rabi ul-Awwal, significant, first of all, because in this month another Final Messenger of the Almighty Muhammad (S.G.V.) was born and passed into the world. Referring to him with His Revelation, Allah indicates:

"We sent you only as a mercy to the worlds" (21:107)

By the way, Muslims living mainly in the states of the post-Soviet space, as well as in a number of other countries, celebrate (November 8)- Birthday of your Prophet (S.G.V.). However, theologians from the Arab world categorically oppose its celebration. As an argument, they cite a hadith that reads: “Indeed, Allah replaced them (holidays) with two better days: the Day of Conversation and the Day of Sacrifice” (Abu Dawood).

4. Rabi ul-Ahir

The fourth month of the year in the Muslim chronology is Rabi ul-Ahir, also called Rabi us-Sani. Its name means "last spring" or "second spring" and implies a continuation of the previous month.

5. Jumad al-Ula

The next month of the Islamic calendar is Jumad al-Ula (sometimes called Jumad al-Awwal). The Arabic word "jumada" is used for drought. In this month, as a rule, in pre-Islamic Arabia (from where the names of all months are preserved) there was a drought.

6. Jumad al-Ahir

The sixth month of the calendar is Jumad al-Ahir (or Jumad al-Sani). This month, like the previous one, was considered by the Arabs of the times of the Jahiliyya to be the driest, in connection with which they received such names. In the month of Jumad al-Ahir, another closest associate of Muhammad (s.g.v.) and the first righteous caliph, Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (r.a.), passed into the world.

7. Rajab

The second half of the lunar year begins with the month of Rajab. Like Muharram, it is included in the list of forbidden months in Islam, during which it is strictly forbidden to wage wars. So, there is a Qur'anic verse:

“They ask you about the battle in the forbidden month. Say: "Fighting this month is a great crime" (2:217)

In the hadiths, one can find the words of the Messenger of the Almighty about the desirability of keeping the uraza in the forbidden months, which include Rajab. “Fast on certain days of the reserved months!” (Abu Dawud). However, many theologians called this hadeeth weak.

Significant events in the history of Islam fell on the month of Rajab. For example, on his 1st Friday comes - the date of marriage by the parents of the Final Messenger of God. Some theologians elevate it to the level of a holiday, while others note that this night is only a memorable date, which means that this date should not be celebrated.

On the 27th of the month of Rajab, the famous night journey of the Prophet Muhammad (S.G.V.) - Isra, as well as his ascension to heaven - took place. This event is one of the greatest miracles in the history of Islam and is mentioned in the Qur'an:

“Exalted is He Who transferred His servant at night to show him some of Our signs from the Sacred Mosque to the mosque of al-Aqsa, the surroundings of which We bestowed a blessing” (17:1)

8. Shaaban

The eighth Muslim month comes immediately before the holy Ramadan. During Shaaban, believers prepare to observe the upcoming obligatory fast. Preparation includes, among other things, fasting on certain days. So did the Messenger of the Almighty (s.g.v.).

It is narrated from the words of Aisha bint Abu Bakr (r.a.): “I did not see that the Prophet Muhammad fasted for the whole month, except for the month of Ramadan, and I did not see that in any month he fasted more than in Shaabane" (hadith reported by al-Bukhari and Muslim).

In addition, the faithful in this month should pay no less attention to worship. Mercy of the worlds Muhammad (s.g.v.) emphasized: “Our Lord descends in the middle of the night of the month of Shaaban and forgives the sins of all His creatures, except for the polytheist and the adherent of innovations!” (Ibn Maja).

9. Ramadan

The most significant for Muslims around the world is the Holy month of Ramadan (Ramadan). Its importance is due to the fact that it was during these 30 days of the Islamic calendar that the last Book of Allah was revealed to mankind.

The exclusivity of Ramadan is described in the hadiths: “When Ramadan comes, the gates of Paradise open, the gates of Hell close, and the devils are chained” (al-Bukhari and Muslim).

The most important element of this month is the obligatory fast, which serves as one of the pillars of Islam. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) once said: “Indeed, there is a gate in Paradise called “ar-Rayyan”, through which fasting people will enter on the Day of Resurrection, and no one will enter through this gate except them” (al -Bukhari and Muslim).

In addition, it is on the 9th month of the Islamic calendar that the best night of the year falls - (The Night of Predestination). Her greatness is already indicated by the fact that an entire Qur'anic sura is dedicated to her:

“Indeed, We sent down it (the Qur'an) on the night of predestination (or power, majesty). How could you know what the night of predestination is? The Night of Destiny is better than a thousand months. On this night, the angels and the Spirit (Jibril) descend with the permission of their Lord, according to all His commands. She is prosperous until dawn.” (Sura 97)

These verses directly indicate that Laylat ul-Qadr exceeds 1000 months in terms of its goodness, and this corresponds to more than 83 years - almost a whole human life. And every positive deed that is done on this night will turn out to be a much greater blessing for the servant of Allah than the good deeds performed by him throughout his earthly life.

In Ramadan, believers should be zealous in reading the verses and suras of the Holy Book, read (preferably with a jamaat) tarawih prayers, and perform other good deeds, since for them you can count on a multifold reward from the Creator. (In 2019, the month of Ramadan begins on May 6 and the first day of fasting falls on this date).

10. Shawwal

The month of Shawwal following Ramadan is also considered special in the life of the Ummah. First of all, this is due to the fact that on the 1st of this month one of the most important Islamic holidays is celebrated - the Day of breaking the fast. (Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Fitr, which in 2019 falls on June 4 and is celebrated for the next two days).

Secondly, in Shawwal, Muslims are advised to observe 6 days of Uraza. Together with fasting in the month of Ramadan, they give a reward equivalent to the savab received for a year of fasting. The basis for this assertion is contained in the hadith: “If someone observed the fast in Ramadan and added six days of fasting to it in the month of Shawwal, he will receive such a reward as if he had been fasting all year” (Muslim).

11. Zul Qaeda

The eleventh month of the Islamic calendar is Zul Qaeda, the third forbidden month after Muharram and Rajab. During it, it is forbidden to conduct hostilities and enter into conflicts.

12. Dhul-Hijja

The final month of the year in the Islamic chronology plays a huge role in the life of the ummah, since it accounts for the performance of important religious rites.

Firstly, Zul-Hijja is the month of one of the pillars of Islam - the pilgrimage ().

Secondly, the first 9 days of this month are singled out separately: “No matter what days righteous deeds are performed, Allah loves doing them most of all on these days,” says the hadith cited by al-Bukhari. The believers are advised to spend this time period in fasting, to be diligent in worship, to help those in need, to implement other deeds pleasing to Allah.

A special place in the initial decade of the month of Zul-Hijjah is occupied by Arafah Day (in 2019 falls on August 10). To the one who holds the eye on this day, by the grace of the Lord, all the sins that he committed in 2 years will be forgiven. Confirmation of this can be found in the hadith: “Fasting on the day of Arafah serves as an atonement for the sins of the past and future years” (Muslim).

Well, the most important date at the end of the Muslim lunar year falls on the 10th of the month of Zul-Hijja, when the second of the greatest holidays in Islam is celebrated - the Day of Sacrifice (Eid al-Adha, Kurban Bayram, which in 2019 is celebrated from August 11 to 14).

Muslims around the world celebrate the holy month of Ramadan. Its last day in 2019 falls at the beginning of June. During this month, believers are required to observe certain rules, for example, in the daytime, do not eat or drink at all.

Ramadan is a period of strict fasting for Muslims. The holy month is one of the 5 pillars on which Islam rests. The other 4 are:

• There is no God - there is Allah, his prophet - Mohammed;
• donations;
• 5 times prayer;
• pilgrimage to Mecca.

The rules of Ramadan are very strict, stricter than those observed by the Orthodox during Lent.

When is the last day of the holy month of Ramadan in 2019?

The Muslim holy month began on May 5, and its last day will fall on June 3. All these days in the daytime you can not drink and eat - these vital pleasures are allowed at night. Also prohibited:

1. entertainment;
2. smoking;
3. intimate relationships.

Muslims spend the whole day in prayer, but after sunset, the usual life begins with daily pleasures. In general, during the day, Muslims work, raise children, attend school.

They prepare for the end of Ramadan in advance: they clean houses and adjacent territories. The preparation of festive dishes begins, the best outfits are chosen - this is the usual preparation for Eid al-Fitr. Almsgiving is sure to be distributed - it can compensate for mistakes made during the fast. You can donate both money and food.

Fasting is not obligatory for pregnant women, nursing mothers, minors, pensioners, the sick, including those who have mental problems. Travelers do not follow the strict rules of Ramadan, but subsequently they will definitely make up for the missed fast days. The holy month is a period when Muslims get as close as possible to Allah by fulfilling covenants, refusing worldly pleasures.

Uraza Bayram comes on June 4, and holiday sermons begin in every mosque. Preparation for the holiday begins in advance, a few days earlier. First of all, the house should be cleaned, old unnecessary things should be thrown away. Hostesses prepare favorite family dishes for the festive table. It is customary for Muslims to visit relatives and exchange gifts.

The holy month of Ramadan is celebrated by all Muslims around the world. When will be the last day of Ramadan in 2019 in the Russian Federation, you can find out from the conclusions of the scientists of the Council of Ulemas of the Spiritual Board of Muslims of Russia and the Council of Muftis of Russia. During this holiday, all believers must adhere to certain rules.

When is the last day of Ramadan in 2019

In 2019, the first day of the holy month of Ramadan falls on May 5, and the last day falls on June 3. During the month of Ramadan, all Muslims observe the rules of Great Lent. It is rolling, and therefore every year, its beginning and end fall on different dates. Ramadan can also be at any time of the year, its onset is determined by the phases of the moon.

During the Fasting period, all Muslims must abstain from food during the daytime. It is also forbidden to drink, smoke, dance and have fun. Also, it is forbidden to make love during this period of the day. This time should be spent in reading prayers and cleansing your soul. At night, the life of believers returns to normal.

Fasting during Ramadan is considered the fifth pillar of Islam. Absolutely all Muslims are obliged to observe it, with the exception of only those who are seriously ill and women who are menstruating. However, after the sick improve their health, and the women stop being cleansed, they will need to make up for the lost days of Lent.

Also, if a person is very sick and cannot observe the rules of the Fast, then food and drink should be distributed to all those in need. If a person is on the road, then he can postpone the post for a while. However, it will be very good if the traveler continues to fast on the road.

The holiday of the end of the Fast - Eid al-Fitr will be celebrated by all believers on June 4, 2019. It will continue for the next three days.

Ramadan in 2019, the essence of the holiday

The main essence of the holy month of Ramadan is the tireless reading of the Koran and the purification of one's soul. Muslims believe that these days, God is more attentive to all those who pray. According to Muslim beliefs, if a person limits himself in some way for a while, then he becomes closer to the Lord. There are similar judgments in the Orthodox religion.

During the month of Ramadan, all believers try to get as close to God as possible. And therefore, fulfilling his precepts, they refuse to eat food and water during the daytime. Thus, they try to experience for themselves what it is like to be poor and have neither food nor drink.

Fasting during Ramadan instills in a person the fear of God, which helps to keep him from any obscene deeds. It makes everyone feel poor and vulnerable.