Projects of houses with a hip roof and a garage. One-story houses with hipped roofs. Hip roof - advantages and disadvantages

One of the important stages in the construction of a house is the creation of a roof. Not only the appearance of the house, but also the internal comfort depends on its correct choice and construction. For country houses, as a rule, they choose a hipped roof, which has many advantages over other types of coverage, but its construction also requires knowledge of many nuances.

The project of a cottage with a hipped roof

In addition, this type of roof has several varieties with their own characteristics.

Benefits of a pitched roof

First of all, the hipped roof provides uniform heating of the room from all sides. In addition, the space under the roof forms a warm and large attic, as a result, when building a one-story house, you essentially get two floors, and you can equip an attic in the attic space.

It’s probably not even worth talking about the fact that such a roof perfectly protects against bad weather, but few people know that this type of coating is more resistant to wind. Such a roof allows you to close the structure of almost any complexity, in contrast to the gable roof, which is intended mainly for standard buildings.

An example of a four-pitched roof in the original project of a residential building

The device of a hipped roof allows you to include additional elements in its design, which serve not only as a decorative element, but also carry a functional load. These can be attic and dormer windows, which will enliven the appearance of the house, or panoramic, located in the body of the roof.

Varieties of the roof, consisting of four slopes

There are three main types of hipped roofs:

1. Hipped - the easiest to manufacture roofs due to the absence of additional elements. Such a coating looks like a pyramid, at the base of which lies a square or rectangle. In fact, these are four identical or two paired triangles converging at one point. As you know, gables are not provided for with this design.

An example of a hipped hipped roof at a cottage

• The hip roof project also does not provide for gables, and it consists of two pairs of sides of different shapes. From the end or on the short side of the house, the slope looks like a triangle, on the long side - like a trapezoid.
• Half-hip - perhaps the most difficult design to manufacture, since each slope is made of two parts: the upper triangular and the lower trapezoid. Such a roof allows you to equip a spacious attic in the attic with panoramic windows, and if desired, a balcony. At the same time, the strength and reliability of such a coating does not suffer at all. As a rule, such roofs are used in the arrangement of two-story houses.

Parameters taken into account when erecting a hipped roof

Such a coating is perhaps the most difficult to manufacture, mainly due to the fact that such a roof is one of the heaviest that are used in private construction.

Therefore, before proceeding with its construction, it is necessary to create a project that takes into account all the loads that will affect both the roof itself and the structure.

Loads mean the following effects on the truss system:

• The total weight of the structure itself, which is made up of the mass of roofing materials and various types of insulation;
• The weight of additional elements, such as windows, antennas, stairs and other equipment located directly on the roof surface;
• Loads from wind, snow and other precipitation, while the average statistical data inherent in the region in which construction is carried out are taken for calculation.

Project of a cottage with an attic, a veranda and a hipped roof

The design is divided into separate sections, for each of which a separate calculation is carried out. This takes into account the fact that most of the elements in the real state are in an inclined position and their paper sizes do not correspond to the true ones.

Also, the design of the roof takes place taking into account the standard dimensions of the materials used, this will eliminate the additional work of trimming and fitting and significantly reduce the amount of waste. It is still better to entrust the creation of the project to a professional, since not every person can correctly calculate the design, especially if many additional elements are planned.

In the project that the specialist will provide, in addition to the drawing of the truss system, calculations should be given for the length of the rafters, the location of the crate and the diagrams of the connection nodes of all elements, both basic and additional.

What material to choose for rafters and roofing

As a material for the truss system, as a rule, larch or pine wood is chosen, which is carefully checked for defects and cracks.

Certain requirements are also imposed on the moisture content of raw materials, optimally it should be at the level of 18-22%.

A wetter timber must be dried beforehand, since the installation of a truss system made of wet wood will lead to deformation and distortion of the entire structure during shrinkage.

The cross section of the beam used in construction must be determined during the development of the project. But in some cases it is permissible to use an alternative option when a board with a section of 5x10 cm and 5x20 cm is used.

The project of a house with a garage in the style of "hi-tech"

If the strength characteristics of such boards are not enough, they can be doubled.

The roofing material that is used for coating is selected depending on the climatic zone, the purpose of the attic area and the angle of the roof.

• As a rule, for a roof located at an angle of 30-60 degrees, tiles or a roof consisting of individual elements are chosen as the material;
• An angle of 15-60 degrees is preferred for a roof made of steel or asbestos sheets;
• The roof at 10-20 degrees is closed with slate or rolled material.

How to determine the amount of materials needed

Based on the manufactured project, the amount of material needed and its cost are determined.

In doing so, several factors must be taken into account:

1. First of all, it is necessary to accurately calculate the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe roof, which is calculated from the eaves overhangs.

The project of a one-story house with an original hipped roof

• Choose the material from which the roof will be made, although this stage is preferable to be done at the design stage.
• Consider allowances for parapets and canopies, as well as the size of the overlaps during installation.
• When cutting material for construction, in any case, a certain amount of waste is generated, so building materials are purchased with a margin of 10-15% of the total volume.

When buying material, do not try to save at the expense of quality, wood should not have defects and flaws.

Features of mounting a hipped roof

The main task in arranging the roof is to correctly make the truss system, it is on it that the strength and rigidity of the structure depends:

1. First of all, the Mauerlat is installed and attached to the anchors, which is a beam laid along the perimeter of the outer wall. In this case, the distance from the edge should be at least 5 cm.
2. Next, markup is carried out according to the roof project for other main structural elements.

The project of a two-story house with a hipped roof

• Racks and a ridge beam are installed, which are necessarily leveled. For these purposes, it is most convenient to use a plumb line.
• To fix the racks vertically, jibs are used (supports standing at an angle to the rack).
• Mount all the necessary rafters and sprigs. Moreover, if the house, and, therefore, the roof is small, hanging rafters are used, for large buildings an inclined version is used.
• Lathing, insulation and roofing material are installed. Valleys (gutters that drain water from the roof surface) and a ridge are mounted.

By the way, hipped roofs are an excellent option for use on various gazebos. Since such a roof is very similar to a tent, it perfectly protects from the weather and you can use the gazebo, regardless of rain or heat.

In addition, such buildings look quite attractive and modern, thanks to which they fit perfectly into the surrounding landscape.

But to use a hipped roof for a bath is quite impractical, since the price of this design is significantly higher than the cost of a conventional gable roof. At the same time, the bath definitely does not need in the attic. However, if landscape design involves the construction of all buildings in the same style, then no one bothers to make a similar roof for a bath.

Projects of one-story and two-story houses with a hipped roof

One-story house with a hip roof

In order not to be confused in the concepts of roofing and roofing, experts give a special definition. The top layer of the roof, which is designed to protect the house from atmospheric phenomena such as wind, snow, rain, hail - this is the roof. The roofs themselves distinguish between several main varieties - flat (with a slope of no more than 3 degrees) and attic type. It is precisely the latter that include hip roofs.

Understanding the concept - hip roof

Four-pitched types with various variations are called hip roofs. The geometric shape of one pair of slopes is made in the form of a trapezoid. The second pair of slopes are triangular. Just triangular elements are called "Hips". It is from this element that the roof takes its name. Classical hips are located from the ridge to the eaves.

If the bottom line of the slope is above the level of the eaves, then the floors with this shape are called "Half-hip".

This form can most often be found on the erected cottages and country cottages. Despite their unusual shape, they are quite practical and the whole house acquires a beautiful and unique appearance.

Features of hip roofs

For those who choose how to protect their building from bad weather, it is better to familiarize yourself with the advantages and disadvantages of hip roofs in advance.

Let's talk about the benefits first

• It is better than others designed to protect against all kinds of atmospheric phenomena. Due to the absence of strictly vertical elements in its design, wind resistance is greatly reduced. As a result, such roofs are more resistant to deformations of structural elements;
• Such a roof, made in compliance with all construction requirements, will surely attract attention due to its spectacular shape. This feature of these roofs is the determining factor in the choice;
• Additional corner stiffening ribs give increased rigidity and, as a result, are able to withstand heavy loads;
• Due to their shape, the areas of all elements are almost the same. Therefore, the sun's rays falling on the surface are distributed more evenly over the entire surface;
• In addition to protection against overheating, it retains heat better in winter;
• Thanks to its design, it allows you to equip an additional attic space or equip an attic.

Weaknesses of hip roofs

• The main disadvantage is that it requires much more material resources. It takes a lot of time and extra effort to arrange it;
• It is impossible to do without design calculations of geometric elements before erecting a roof. Otherwise, high-quality performance is impossible in principle;
• Useful attic area in hipped roofs is reduced. Significantly expand the attic or attic will not work;
• Without knowledge of the construction technology, it is very difficult to do it yourself. Even if the construction work is carried out by professional teams, the construction time will be longer compared to traditional gable roofs.

Hip roof and its varieties

According to its structure, it has several types of construction.

dutch roofing

A characteristic feature of roofs of this type is the location of the lower edge of the hip above the level of the slope. So, it becomes possible to equip a comfortable attic and Dutch roofs only benefit from this. The ceiling in the extension will be beveled only on two sides. The climatic features of the region of origin of the roof, with snowy winters, dictate the need for steeper slopes with small overhangs.

bay window roof

The architectural elements of the house, taken out of the main facade, are called bay windows. Such ledges - bay windows - are used in the interior of the house or as a winter garden or an additional seating area.

Are there any other advantages to this design?

Through the use of a bay window, you can increase the internal area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe premises in the house on either side of the building, thereby increasing the ability to design a house to your liking.

Usually, homeowners add a bay window to expand the size of dining and living rooms. The use of stained-glass windows and textured glass to decorate a bay window looks very elegant, from the windows of which a beautiful panoramic view opens.

Also, the bay window makes it possible to improve the lighting of the interior space of the room. Adds light and air to the entire building.

Hip roof

A distinctive feature of such roofs is the presence of all four hips of the same shape, which are located at the same angle. Such features have found their application in square-shaped houses.

How to calculate the height of the hip roof

• The total number of skates;
• The angles of inclination of structural elements;
• The form;
• Coating material type;
• Owner's preference.

Also, the choice of the angle of inclination of the slopes of the trapezium of the hip structure (from 5º to 60º) is influenced by the traditional wind and snow load in the region. With a heavy snow load, it is better to increase the angle of inclination. This causes a complication of the roof structure and, as a result, an increase in the consumption of materials.

If the region is dominated by wind, the angle is usually reduced.

Tent roofs withstand the wind load especially well (due to the same shape and area of ​​​​the slopes) in regions without a specific wind direction.

The principle of calculating the height of the hip ceiling is the same as that used to determine the height of the gable.

The angle of inclination of the elements is most often chosen in the range of 30º-50º. At smaller angles of inclination, it is likely that snow will accumulate on the surface, and this causes an additional load on the truss system.

With a slope that exceeds 50º, the wind load increases on the rafter system.

How is a 4-pitched roof calculated?

Base length (a)

Base width (b)

Ramp angle (degrees)

The length of the hip rafters

Roof surface area

The height of the attic also affects the height of the hip roof.

Projects of one-story and two-story houses with a hipped roof

It is impossible to start building any house without a well-designed project. It is in it that all data regarding the size, location of rooms and the materials used will be displayed. Today, the variant of a house with a hipped roof remains very common. This is due to the fact that such buildings are quite roomy, have an attractive appearance and can act as a year-round dwelling.

One-story projects

One-story structures with a hipped roof are an excellent solution for a summer house or a private house, where you can live in comfort throughout the year.

Project No1

This design has a total area of ​​​​139 m2, but the dimensions are 11x15 cm. In total, it has 4 rooms, including 3 bedrooms. The basement, garage and attic are not provided for by the project. The decoration is made of wild stone.

One-storey house with a hipped roof 139 m2

During the construction of the walls, foam block or aerated concrete was used. According to the project, the house has: a reception room, a kitchen, a hall, a pantry, an entrance hall, a boiler room, 3 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms, a winter garden. But what Scandinavian-style frame houses look like can be seen in the photo in this article.

Project No2

The total area of ​​the building is 58 m2, but the residential area is 32 m2. The dimensions of the building are 10x8 m. The attic, basement and garage are not provided for by the project. Plaster was used as a cladding.

During the construction of the walls, a foam block or cellular concrete was used. Foundation pile-grillage type. The house has: a vestibule, a boiler room, a steam room, a bathroom, a hall, a guest room, a pantry and a bedroom. It will also be interesting to see what an American style house looks like.

Project No3

This house has a total area of ​​65 m2 and a living area of ​​44 m2. Its dimensions are 9x9 m. There are no attic, basement and garage. Stucco is used to finish the facade. The house has an entrance hall, boiler room, hall, bathroom, 2 bedrooms, bathroom, living room and kitchen.

Project No 4

This project involves a house with a total area of ​​61 m2 and a living area of ​​35 m2. The dimensions of the building are 8x10 m. There is no basement, garage and attic. Stucco is used as an external finish. The walls were built of cellular concrete or foam block. But what are the projects of beautiful houses in the classical style, and how they look. This article will help you understand.

The base is presented in the form of a tape monolithic reinforced concrete slab. The house contains such premises as a vestibule, a boiler room, a steam room, a bathroom, a bedroom, a hall, a wardrobe, a living room.

Project No5

The total area of ​​a one-storey house is 132 m2, and the living area is 68 m2. Basement, garage and attic are missing. Facing brick is used as an exterior finish. Walls are erected from cellular concrete or foam block.

According to the project, the following rooms are concentrated in the house: entrance hall, hall, living room, 3 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms, dining room, kitchen, pantry. But how the projects of small two-story brick houses look like, and how their construction takes place, is described in great detail in this video.

Two-storey projects

Choosing a two-story house with a hipped roof is worth a large family, since such structures are quite roomy.

Project No1

This is a two-story house with a full second floor, made in the traditional style. According to the project, the house has a spacious technical room that can be equipped for storing tools. The daily part of the house is divided into a living room, dining room and kitchen. Under the flight of stairs is a small pantry. In a spacious room on the 1st floor there can be an office, which, if necessary, can be converted into a living room. On the second floor there are 3 spacious bedrooms and 2 bathrooms.

Size 225 m2

The total area of ​​the house is 225 m2, and the living area is 172 m2. The roof is made at a slope of 30 degrees. Its area is 255 m2. The walls are built from ceramic blocks or cellular concrete. Solid type cover. To cover the roof, ceramic tiles, metal tiles are used.

But this article will help you understand how modular country houses look like, and how such a house is being built.

What a one-story country frame-shield one-story house 4x6 looks like can be seen in this article: http://2gazon.ru/postroiki/zhilye/karkasno-shhitovye-dachnye-doma.html

You may also be interested in knowing what kind of house to build for permanent residence, and what parameters it should be chosen for.

Project No2

This two-story house is characterized by a side garage and an office on the ground floor. The house is made in a classic form, which looks good with the coloristic design of the exterior. Thanks to the discreet design, all attention is focused on the panoramic glazing of the second floor.

Even when planning the inner zone, harmony was observed. On the ground floor there is a daily area. This is a guest room and a kitchen. From the garage through a separate dressing room there is access to the house. On the first floor there is a bathroom and an additional room.

size 162 m2

On the second floor there are 4 bedrooms that form the night zone. The most spacious room has access to the balcony. It will be possible to sit there on warm summer evenings with a cup of tea and just relax. Each bedroom is equipped with a built-in wardrobe. Here is a shared bathroom.

The total building area is 162 m2, and the living area is 137 m2. The roof is made at an inclination of 25 degrees, its area will be 191 m2. When erecting walls, cellular concrete or ceramic blocks are used. Solid type cover. For the arrangement of the roof, ceramic tiles, metal tiles or cement-sand tiles can be used. But this article will help you understand how an 8x8 house plan with a brick attic will look like, and how good this house project looks like.

Project No3

This project involves the construction of a compact two-story house, made in a simple style. The laconic form is distinguished by a hipped roof and a well-adjusted facade cladding. 4 people can comfortably live in such a house.

There is also a spacious bathroom on the first floor. On the second floor there are 3 bedrooms. One of them has a dressing room. There is also a shared bathroom on the second floor.

Size 114 m2

The living area of ​​the house will be 114 m2. The roof is made at a slope of 22 degrees, its area is 114 m2. For the construction of walls, cellular concrete or ceramic blocks are used. Solid type cover. The arrangement of the roof can be carried out using ceramic tiles, metal tiles and cement-sand tiles.

Types of hipped roofs

The four-pitched roof structure can be made in several versions, among them:

1. Classic. She has straight rafters without fractures, corner ribs originate from the ridge. All overhangs are concentrated on the same level.
2. Shatrovaya. This option involves the convergence of all edges at one central point.
3. Danish hip. It has short slopes of gables in the upper part. It will be possible to provide full-fledged vertical windows in the Danish roof.
4. Broken or attic hip. This design is difficult to manufacture, but it can be used to allocate a large area for living rooms.

On the video - a classic hipped roof:

Houses with a hipped roof today remain one of the most popular. Such popularity is due to the fact that there is the possibility of equipping an additional room. For the arrangement of such a roof, metal or ceramic tiles are often used. The above projects can be used to build a cozy and full-fledged home for year-round living with the whole family with comfortable conditions.

Projects of houses with a hipped roof, how to make

It is worth noting that the projects of private houses with a hip roof are quite diverse. They may have different options and functionality. It all depends on the planning criteria. Of particular importance in this building is the hip roof. What is it, and let's try to figure it out.

Project of a house with a hip roof

This type of roof structure is considered the most popular today. The hip roof is different:

• practicality;
• reliability;
• durability.

Quite often, this roof is used to equip the attic. This is due to the fact that its slopes are designed for excellent placement of skylights.

The hip is an inclined edge of the roof. It is formed as a result of the correct connection of the two sides of the structure, an external corner is obtained. There are hips from the eaves of the roof to its ridge.

Hip roof varieties

It has various types and can be:

• four-slope.

Note. Some may get the impression that almost every roof can be hipped. This is not true. The projects of such structures are different, but none of them provides for broken corners and surfaces.

What buildings can have a hip roof

As a rule, everything is compiled with a roof structure. This makes it possible to correctly calculate the exact amount of materials for the construction process. The approximate mass of the entire structure is also determined, on which the depth of the foundation construction depends.

Most of the houses are single storey. All this is due to the fact that the roof structure is easy to convert into an attic. This is due to the large amount of usable area on the hip roof.

A two-story house with such a roof is also often found. Only in it the functionality of the structure will not be fully used, since there is already a fairly large amount of usable space.

All this is due to the fact that the roof structure will eventually turn out to be expensive and can be replaced with cheaper types.

Characteristics of the hip roof

Firstly, there are various types of such a roof. Depending on them, the usable area of ​​the structure can easily be rebuilt into a residential area, due to this, the house only expands its usable area. Secondly, it is quite easy to mount windows on the hips, since they do not have a large angle of inclination. Thirdly, the roof itself is low and the appearance of the whole house does not suffer from this.

Thanks to a wide range of roofing materials, cladding of this design can be done by hand not only with high quality, but also in an original way. From this, the general will be even more unusual.

The main types of hip roof

It is impossible to say that the types of such a design are diverse. Basically, the differences in the roof are in the number of hips. There are two types of roofing:

The first option is characterized by a certain arrangement of inclined parts. If the hips on the slopes do not reach the end of the eaves and break off, then this type is a half-hip roof.

For most cottages that have a wooden roof frame, this type of roof is the best option. The design is attached to special stretch marks. If, however, then the installation of the roof is a little more complicated by reinforcements in the form of wooden boards on the frame. An accurate calculation of dimensions and material is preliminarily carried out.

The most popular second type of hip roof is "Danish". This design is characterized by:

• hip rafters;
• special boards for support;
• reinforcing crossbars with an insert;
• simple rafters;
• spacers.

The upper binding of the walls is also performed before the arrangement of the roof.

All these parameters are needed in order to make the correct calculation of the gable hip roof. For a tri-slope, you will need to consider:

• racks;
• rafters for fronts;
• floor beams;
• special skating runs;
• various stretches.

The last type of roof structure is of particular interest for creating houses in a unique architectural style. You can also build rectilinear domes. All this looks very unusual, and such a do-it-yourself hip roof always attracts attention and differs from neighboring houses.

What to consider when designing a hip roof

Since the types of such roof structures are quite diverse, it is necessary to initially decide what shape the roof will be, and how many slopes are needed for a more attractive appearance of the dwelling.

All this affects the overall design of private houses.

Then the design calculation is carried out. It takes into account:

• roof height;
• its width;
• hip angle.

In this case, the base of the roof can be:

• square;
• rectangular.

Why do you need a preliminary calculation of the roof of the house? Based on the data obtained, it will be possible to accurately find out the amount of materials needed for the construction of the roof and plan the correct location of each element.

Although the types of hip roofs can be different, you still need to follow the rules for constructing a structure.

Features of the hip roof truss system

To make a hip roof with your own hands, you need to know some of the planning features of this component of any houses.

The basis for creating such a structure is a wooden frame. It is for this reason that it is necessary to select high-quality wood, which gives the roof a long service life.

It is necessary to make the correct calculation of the frame of the structure. In this process, it is worth considering that the steeper the slope of the roof, the more building and finishing materials will be needed to improve the roof of the house.

Important. Accurate calculation of the entire system will help to get rid of some unpleasant situations in the process of constructing the structure and significantly extend the life of the roof.

The truss frame for houses is immediately made. It consists of:

• support belt;
• central beam;
• vertical racks with slopes;
• ridge beam or run.

The following rafters are also used:

• hip rafter legs (inclined parts);
• ordinary rafter legs;
• rafter runs;
• rafters;
• racks;
• beds;
• struts.

The support belt for the construction of the roof structure of private houses is called Mauerlat in another way.

Support belt construction

Initially, you need to make an accurate calculation of materials for this. The work uses timber, which is laid out along the outer walls of the house. It is considered a support for hip rafters in installation. As a rule, the timber of coniferous trees is most often used. Although metal is often used instead of wood. More precisely, a metal channel. In some cases, an I-beam.

At the same time, the house must have a high strength index so that it can withstand significant loads of the roof structure.

The main function of this support belt is to connect the roof to the walls of the house. The load is calculated for each square meter of load-bearing walls and for each side of the roof.
Important. The transverse dimensions of the Mauerlat should be 10x10 cm. When building large houses - 25x25 cm.

Previously, a reinforcing base is made around the entire perimeter of the building at the end of the stone walls.

Thus, a flat surface is formed for the correct laying of the support belt. The process goes like this:

1. Formwork is being built on the brick wall at the top.
2. Reinforcement is laid out in it, which is tied together.
3. Then all this is poured with concrete mortar, which is prepared on the basis of purified sand, Portland cement and water. Proportions: 1 bucket of cement for 2-3 buckets of sand.

This preparatory support must dry. This will take several weeks.

Advice. In such works, it is necessary to observe the exact horizontalness of the surface. Otherwise, there may be deformations of the roof structure of houses during the construction process.

It is worth considering that special metal studs should come out of such a concrete belt. Their length is less than 10 cm. As soon as the Mauerlat is attached to them, they should look out of it for several centimeters.

The surface of the dried concrete is smeared with bitumen. Then ruberoid is applied to it. It will protect the wood of the frame from decay processes. Then holes are drilled in the bars and put on the studs.

Wood must be pre-treated with an antiseptic and various means that protect it from exposure to fire and moisture. Because of this, the house will be endowed with durability and safety in operation.

It should be noted that such a support belt can be made both around the entire perimeter of the building, and in its individual parts: in the places where the rafter legs are mounted.

A hip roof is a structure consisting of four roof slopes: two trapezoidal slopes on the sides and two triangular slopes along the ends of the roof. These slopes are called hips, hence the name of the entire roof. This decision is due more to design and architectural taste than to building necessity. Hip roofs have long gained popularity in Europe, over time they migrated to us. Any do-it-yourself hip roof, the drawings of which you will find here or in other sources, looks very aesthetically pleasing due to the slopes of all slopes. This same feature helps to reduce wind resistance from all directions, which means. A roof with hips will become more reliable, and it will last longer without repair.

A hip roof can be built without the help of professionals, even with the most primitive builder skills. The only difficulty is that you cannot do this alone, you will need 2-3 assistants.

Roof device with hips

Hip roof diagram. Which is the leader among developers, has four slopes, two of which are triangular. These hips are attached to the ends of the roof of the house to connect the cornice and the ridge beam. The front and rear hips are built in the form of a trapezoid (truncated triangle), they have a larger area and an increased slope. Trapezoidal hips fasten the ridge and cornice from the remaining sides.

Also, roof schemes are half-hipped, and they are called Dutch. Half hips - this is when the cornices of the side slopes are higher than the front and rear slopes. The Dutch roof is most often erected with equipment in the attic of a living room.

The usual hip roof consists of nodes and elements that are assembled into a single structure in one way, and serve as a frame for more complex structures. In the diagram below, the hip structure consists of the following elements:

1. The corner rafter (position No. 1) is always installed at a lower slope than the intermediate rafters. For intermediate and corner rafters on the sides of the roof, a board measuring 50x15 cm is used;
2. Short rafters (position No. 2) are installed on the corner rafters. The angle of inclination should be the same as the slope of the intermediate rafters;
3. The section of the ridge (position No. 3) should be the same as that of the rafters themselves;
4. The central intermediate rafters (position No. 4) are attached to the corners of the ridge beam on three sides;
5. Intermediate rafters (item No. 5) are beams that connect the ridge beam and strapping boards laid along the top of the roof. Strapping boards form a cornice.

A more detailed diagram of a roof device with hip elements is in the figure below:

1. The ridge is supported by a stand (position No. 1), which is attached at the junction of the oncoming pair of rafters and the ridge beam. Racks are not always present in the roof scheme, but their counterparts must be present in the scheme;
2. Puff (ceiling beam, position No. 2) - a beam for fastening the rafters together;
3. The filly (position No. 3) serves to continue the overhang, the filly beam is attached to the rafters. An overhang is needed to protect the walls of the house from rain and snow;
4. The wind beam (item #4) reinforces the rafters on the windward side of the house. This beam can be installed from several sides;
5. The rafter (short rafter, position No. 5) attach the rafter to the corner rafter;
6. Mauerlat (position No. 6) - a powerful wooden beam that serves as the basis of any roof;
7. Sprengel (position No. 7) strengthens the roof structure and reduces the load on the walls. Mounted diagonally between the corners of the house on the Mauerlat;
8. Struts (item No. 8) can be attached to the rafters at different angles. Their number and angle of attachment depend on the presence or absence of an attic;
9. Diagonal (side rafters, position No. 9) are installed from one or both ends of the roof;
10. Run (position No. 10) is the step of attaching the rafters.

How to mount a hip structure

The roof with hips must be assembled in a certain sequence:

1. The first stage is the development of the scheme;
2. According to the scheme, the parameters of the roof are calculated - all its dimensions will depend on the width of the dimensions of the external and internal load-bearing walls of the house;
3. Tools and materials are being prepared;
4. Flooring on the walls of the waterproofing layer for the installation of rafters;
5. The attachment points of the rafters on the Mauerlat are marked;
6. Installation of rafters and other roof elements according to the scheme;
7. Roof decking.

After processing the lumber and drying it, you can begin to mount the roof - fasten the Mauerlat beams to the load-bearing walls of the house. Mauerlat is laid on the waterproofing, then the points of installation and fastening of the rafter beams are marked along it. Mauerlat beams are laid on the upper surface of the walls or on a beam, which is pre-attached slightly below the walls.

Racks are attached to the floor beam, in the upper part - to the ridge. Also, the central rafters are attached to the ridge beam along the ends of the roof. Marking is made for the installation of intermediate beams along the frontal and rear slope of the roof, after which the rafters are attached, connecting the corners of the house and the ridge diagonally. Perhaps in this place it will be necessary to install reinforcing racks.

These rafters are fastened with short rafters or rafters with the same pitch as the intermediate beams. In this fragment of the roof, trusses, a wind beam, filly and struts can be used for reinforcement (depending on the roof scheme).

The roof is laid in the following sequence:

1. A vapor barrier is attached to the rafters;
2. A crate is attached to the vapor barrier;
3. A heater is placed in the inter-rail space, and covered with a film from the wind;
4. The counter-lattice is attached.

The appearance of the house directly depends on what kind of roof it has, whether it has a chic look or not. However, do not forget that, first of all, the roof should perform not an aesthetic function, but a protective one. The design of the hip roof is very popular, especially for one-story houses, it is one of the types of four-pitched roofs.

Advantages

The benefits include:

• Lack of vertical end walls and pediment.
• The best wind resistance.
• Less than other types of roofs are susceptible to destruction in the area of ​​​​the cornice overhang.
• High rigidity due to corner ribs.
• You can equip the overhangs that protect the walls and facade from the effects of the weather (rain or snow).
• Aesthetically attractive appearance, solidity, solemnity.

Flaws

Regardless of the fact that there are a number of advantages of a hip roof, the disadvantages should not be forgotten either. One of the negative qualities will be the difficulty of installing this type of roof, because it is much more difficult to install it than a gable one. Due to the difficulties in installation, it is logical that the cost of a hip roof will be higher.

It should also be noted that the end sides of the roof reduce the attic area, so it is not recommended to build an attic under such a roof. If you make an attic here, then you need to pay special attention to the windows, as they can let in moisture, as a result of which puddles will appear.

Kinds

The traditional hip roof is equipped with straight rafters and angled ribs leading to the ridge itself. Roof overhangs have a single height, set in advance. In general, the two planes of the roof resemble a trapezoid, and the end ones adjoin and outwardly resemble a triangle.

A hip hipped roof is a hipped roof, the ribs of which converge to one upper point. Danish or Dutch half hip - the upper part of the short slopes is equipped with gables.

Hip broken line - a four-slope type of roof, which is called a mansard roof. This type of roof is the most difficult to build and install, but it is under it that you can place a large and spacious attic. A sloping roof is the most expensive, however, its use is the most rational.

Calculations

• The length of the slope from the eaves to the ridge.
• Area, taking into account the chimney pipe and skylights.
• Overhangs, paralets and firewall walls.
• Adjoining sheets (in the case of rolled roofing), as well as standing seams.

If the roofing material that is used to cover the hip roof is metal, then the length of the slopes must be reduced by 0.7 meters.

Calculations of the hip roof area are very difficult, it is not recommended to carry them out on your own. It is best to involve professionals who are able to accurately calculate the area using a computer program and take measurements.

For maximum accuracy, the roof is conditionally divided into several parts, after which the area of ​​\u200b\u200beach of them is calculated and eventually summarized. This method is optimal because it is simple and reliable, the possibility of error is completely eliminated.

The correct calculation of the area affects not only the strength and reliability of the structure, but also the cost of construction, since the required amount of all materials is calculated: wood, roofing and other things.

It is also important to take into account the technical parameters of the coating, its thickness and length. All this directly affects the weight of the roofing, the convenience of its installation. For example, ceramic tiles are heavy, it is necessary to create rafters and install a sheathing, and all this is not required for flexible tiles, since they have a relatively small weight.

The nuances of the truss system

The rafter system and its design should be given special attention, since its installation is much more expensive and difficult, in comparison with a shed or gable roof. This design requires the installation of special rafters (diagonal slanting), oriented to the corners of the walls.

Diagonal rafters are much longer than the standard ones, they rest on the rafters of the slopes (spiders). Therefore, from this, 1.5 times more load is placed on these rafters than on traditional rafters. In this regard, special attention should be paid to the choice of wood, which should be of the highest quality. The rafters are constructed using the mating method so that they can cope with the load placed on them.

The process of pairing diagonal rafters will allow:

• Get long continuous beams.
• Gain high strength, able to cope with loads due to the double section.
• Unification of standard sizes of parts that are used.

Installation steps

The sequence of collecting the hip roof:

• Mauerlat construction. This concept hides an ordinary wooden beam, the cross section of which is 100 * 100, 100 * 150 or 150 * 150 millimeters. An important feature - the beam must be solid, knots and cracks are unacceptable.
• Mauerlat mount. It is connected along the entire length not end-to-end, but in an overlay, after which the corners are fastened with metal corners, plates and brackets.
• Installation of the ridge, racks and side beams. The ideal ratio of width to height is 1:2. Thus, the beams will practically not be deformed, they will be able to serve for many years. The rafter beam is selected in a similar way.
• Installation of rafters and their cutting in height. Installation of rafters with a large cross section.
• Installation of ordinary rafters. Corner rafters must have a large cross section, as they have an increased load and must cope with it with high quality.
• Installation of the remaining rafters. All of them must be solid or special overlays are installed on their joints. Connect wooden elements with an overlap using metal corners. At the junction of all elements, it is necessary to install support cuts that strengthen the roof structure.

After that, it remains only to choose the type of roof and proceed to the final work. It should be noted that the process of assembling the roof frame is laborious, requires special knowledge and skills, so it is better to hire professionals.