"Complex nickel compounds and their properties".

The work was compiled by 2nd year students of group 5202

Nikitin Dmitry and Sharhemullin Emil.

Kazan 2014

Complex compounds of Nickel.

The binding of Nickel into complexes is an important process for analytical chemistry in the case of diagnostics and determination of the characteristic properties of substances and the element itself.

1.Complex compound of monovalent nickel

A limited number of them are known, while most are unstable, easily weathered in the air; compounds are colored predominantly red, obtained by reduction of nickel (II) compounds such as - Nickel (II) oxide NiO, Nickel (II) hydroxide Ni (OH) 2, Nickel (II) sulfide NiS). These include K2, Na2, K3, K2, - red.

2. Complex compounds of divalent nickel

these are the most important and stable nickel compounds.

The salts of strong acids formed by the divalent Ni2+ cation are almost all highly soluble in water, and their solutions show a slightly acidic reaction due to hydrolysis. Salts of relatively weak acids, in particular, derivatives of CO32- and PO43- anions, are sparingly soluble. The hydrated Ni·· ion will be colored bright green. The same color is characteristic of the crystalline hydrates of salts formed by it. On the contrary, in the anhydrous state, individual complex salts are colored differently, and their colors do not always coincide with the intrinsic color of Ni2+ (yellow), but also depend on the nature of the anion.

A cation with a given valence (Ni 2+) with ammonia forms a hexaammine complex 2+ and a diquatetraammine complex 2+. These complexes with anions form blue or violet compounds, which greatly simplifies their diagnosis.

Aqueous solutions of nickel(II) salts contain the hexaaquanickel(II) 2+ ion. When an ammonia solution is added to a solution containing these ions, nickel (II) hydroxide, a green gelatinous substance, precipitates. This precipitate dissolves when an excess amount of ammonia is added due to the formation of hexamminenickel(II) 2+ ions.

In some nickel ammoniates, there are 2+ and 2+ ions. Compounds that are derivatives of these and other nickel ammonia ions are readily soluble in water. The formation of these complexes explains the solubility in aqueous ammonia of many nickel compounds that are insoluble in pure water, such as its hydroxide and phosphate.

Nickel is also very prone to the formation of intra-complex salts. These include salts in which a metal atom that has replaced hydrogen, such as nickel, is simultaneously bound by a coordination bond with another acid residue. Intra-complex salts often have exceptionally low solubility. For this reason, they have recently become increasingly important in analytical chemistry. One of the best known representatives of this class of complex compounds is nickeldimethylglyoxime, which is widely used for the analytical determination of nickel.

Private representatives include Hexamine Nickel (II) Chloride.

Hesaminnickel(II) chloride Cl2 is a light yellow or light blue hygroscopic powder, partially decomposes in air. Dissolves in cold water. The thermal stability of the resulting complex ammonia is very high. Decomposes in water releasing hydroxide

Ni:Cl2 \u003d 6H2O \u003d Ni (OH) 2 + 4NH4OH + 2NH4Cl.

Oxygen does not affect nickel ammonia solutions

Nickel in this valence forms complexes with a tetrahedral and a flat square structure. For example, the tetrachloronickelate(II) 2− complex has a tetrahedral structure, while the tetracyanonickelate(II) 2− complex has a planar square structure.

Nickel dimethylglyoxime/dimethylglyoximate.

The reaction of Ni 2+ ions with dimethylglyoxime (C4H8O2N2) is characteristic, leading to the formation of the chelate compound of pink-red nickel dimethylglyoximate, which is slightly soluble in water. Nickel dimethylglyoximate Ni(C 4 H 6 N 2 O 2) 2 , a poorly soluble Ni(II) chelate complex in water, additionally stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonds, giving a clear red color in an acidic medium, is used in analytical chemistry as a qualitative reaction to nickel(II) ions.

Nickel dimethylglyoximate Ni(C 4 H 6 N 2 O 2) 2 can be obtained by adding dimethylglyoxime (Chugaev's reagent) and ammonia water (ammonia alcohol) to a Ni (II) salt solution.

Reaction equation: NiSO4 + 2C4H8O2N2+ 2NH3 => Ni(C4H7O2N2)2 + (NH4)2 SO4.

Hikel- malleable and ductile metal. Nickel is a ferromagnet. In the air - stable. On the surface there is a protective film of NiO, which protects the metal from further oxidation.

FROM H2O and water vapor in the air nickel also does not respond. Nickel practically does not interact with such acids as sulfuric, phosphoric, hydrofluoric and some others.

Interacts with HNO3:

3Ni + 8HNO 3 \u003d 3Ni (NO 3) 2 + 2NO + 4H 2 O

FROM O2 reacts only at temperatures above 800°C.

nickel oxide has basic properties. It exists in 2 modifications: low-temperature (hexagonal lattice) and high-temperature (cubic lattice).

With halogens, sulfur reacts only at temperature to form NiHal 2 and NiS. When interacting with C, P are formed: carbide Ni3C, phosphides - Ni5P2, Ni2P, Ni3P.

with non-metals ( N 2) the reaction proceeds under optimal conditions.

There are water-soluble salts NiSO 4 , Ni(NO 3) 2 and many others that form crystalline hydrates NiSO 4 7H 2 O, Ni(NO 3) 2 6H 2 O.

Insoluble salts: phosphate Ni 3 (PO 4) 2 and silicate Ni 2 SiO 4.

If you add alkali to a nickel (II) salt solution, a green precipitate of nickel hydroxide will form:

Ni (NO 3) 2 + 2NaOH \u003d Ni (OH) 2 + 2NaNO 3.

Ni(OH)2 has weak basic properties. When interacting with alkali:

2Ni(OH) 2 + 2NaOH + Br 2 = 2Ni(OH) 3 + 2NaBr.

The use of nickel and its compounds.

Nickel is most widely used in the production of stainless steel and alloys. Alloys that consume a lot of nickel include:

Monel metal ( Ni, Cu, Fe, Mn), widely used in chemical equipment, shipbuilding, for the manufacture of sumps and covers;

Nichrome and chromel ( Ni, Cr), used in the form of wire for rheostats, toasters, irons, heaters;

Invar ( Ni, Fe), used due to its very low coefficient of expansion for the manufacture of pendulums in clocks and measuring tapes;

Permalloy ( Ni, Fe), used in marine cable and power transmission technology due to its excellent magnetic susceptibility;

nickel silver ( Ni, Cu, Zn) - for the manufacture of household utensils;

Alnico ( Ni, Co, Fe, Al) is a powerful magnetic material used to make small tools that have the properties of a permanent magnet.

Nickel plating has long been used for decorative purposes and to protect against corrosion of many base metals, although it is often replaced with chrome plating.

We offer to buy sheets of nickel NP2 on favorable terms:

• Large selection of assortment and size range.
• Possibility of additional metal processing - cutting, bending, galvanizing, perforation
• Sale of pieces and blanks
• Realization of the product, both wholesale and retail.
• Prices without intermediary commissions.
• Various methods and terms of payment.
• Flexible system of discounts for wholesale and regular partners.
• Free professional advice.
• Possibility of preliminary assembly of the order in the warehouse.
• Fast delivery times. Shipment of paid goods within a day in Moscow.
• Delivery to the regions of Russia in 2-3 days. If necessary, we will independently calculate and order the services of a transport company. Delivery to the terminal of the transport company is free.
• Packaging of goods according to customer requirements. It is possible to use several types of packaging: PET polyester circle and PVC polyethylene film.
• The ability to store goods in our warehouse until shipment.
• Return of goods in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Characteristics and sizes of assortment.

Nickel sheet NP2 is a flat rectangular semi-finished product manufactured by hot rolling.

The advantages of nickel sheet include:

• high strength;
• resistance to corrosion destruction;
• resistance to temperature extremes;
• magnetic properties (ferromagnet).

The characteristics of the product are determined by the properties of the nickel grade NP2 - the so-called. semi-finished nickel according to GOST 492-2006. The standard regulates the content of impurities (carbon, copper, iron, magnesium, etc.) in the metal - in total no more than 0.5% by weight. The material has heat resistance (resistance to mechanical stress at high temperatures), resistance to corrosion damage in many aggressive environments, including at elevated temperatures (this property is defined as heat resistance).

Sheet thickness according to GOST varies from 5 to 20 mm, width - 500, 600, 700, 800 mm, length 500-2000 mm. You can buy sheets of nickel measured length, a multiple of 100 mm, and random, fully compliant with state standards.

The quality of the product is controlled at all stages of the production process. The surface of the material meets the standards and has no delaminations, mechanical damage and other defects.

GOSTs, TU and other standards.

Specifications sheet NP2 determined by GOST 6235-91. The high precision of manufacturing and finishing of the product is regulated by GOST 26877-2008. The chemical composition of nickel NP2 corresponds to GOST 492-2006.

Application areas.

Good mechanical, electrical, anti-corrosion properties, led to the widespread use of NP2 sheet. In particular, its use is justified in production, where high demands are placed on the corrosion resistance of the material. Main directions of use:

• shipbuilding;
• mechanical engineering, instrument making;
• electrical parts - cathodes, anodes;
• production of products for the chemical industry - containers, boilers, dishes that interact with aggressive substances.

Sale of nickel sheets from a warehouse in Moscow.

Sale of nickel sheets is carried out from a warehouse in Moscow, located at:

111123, Moscow, sh. Enthusiastov, 56, building 44

You can receive the paid goods by self-delivery or by delivery, which will be carried out by our company. Our own vehicle fleet, consisting of cars of various tonnage, will allow us to deliver the order to your object inexpensively and promptly.

When ordering products from 100 kg. shipping will be free for you.

Shipment and delivery of the paid goods is made within one day.

Section 1. Characteristics.

Section 2. Being in nature.

Section 3. Receipt.

Section 4. Application.

- Subsection 1. Alloys.

- Subsection 2. Nickel plating.

Section 5. Coinage.

Ni- this is an element of a side subgroup of the eighth group, the fourth period of the periodic system of chemical elements of D. I. Mendeleev, with atomic number 28.

Characteristics nickel

Ni- it is silvery white, does not tarnish in the air. It has a face-centered cubic lattice with period a = 0.35238 HM, space group Fm3m. In its pure form, it can be processed by pressure. It is a ferromagnet with a Curie point of 358 C.

Specific electrical resistance 0.0684 μ Ohm∙m.

Coefficient of linear thermal expansion α=13.5∙10-6 K-1 at 0 C

Volumetric thermal expansion coefficient β=38—39∙10-6 K-1

Modulus of elasticity 196-210 GPa.

Nickel atoms have an external electronic configuration of 3d84s2. The most stable oxidation state for nickel is nickel(II).

Ni forms compounds with oxidation states +2 and +3. At the same time, Ni with an oxidation state of +3 is only in the form of complex salts. For nickel +2 compounds, a large number of ordinary and complex compounds are known. Nickel oxide Ni2O3 is a strong oxidizing agent.

Ni is characterized by high corrosion resistance - it is stable in air, in water, in alkalis, and in a number of acids. Chemical resistance is due to its tendency to passivation - the formation of a dense oxide film on its surface, which has a protective effect. Ni actively dissolves in nitric acid.

With carbon monoxide CO Ni easily forms volatile and highly toxic nickel carbonite (CO)4.

Finely dispersed nickel powder is pyrophoric (self-ignites in air).

Ni burns only in powder form. It forms two nickelO and Ni2O3 oxides and, respectively, two nickel(OH)2 and nickel(OH)3 hydroxides. The most important soluble nickel salts are acetate, chloride, nitrate, and sulfate.

Solutions are usually colored green, while anhydrous salts are yellow or brown-yellow. Insoluble salts include oxalate and phosphate (green), three sulfides:

nickelS (black)

Ni3S2 (yellowish bronze)

Ni3S4 (silver white).

Ni also forms numerous coordination and complex compounds.

Aqueous solutions of nickel(II) salts contain the hexaaquanickel(II) ion nickel(H2O)62+. When an ammonia solution is added to a solution containing these ions, nickel (II) hydroxide, a green gelatinous substance, precipitates. This precipitate dissolves when an excess amount of ammonia is added due to the formation of hexamminenickel (II) nickel(NH3)62+ ions.

Ni forms complexes with tetrahedral and planar square structures. For example, the tetrachloronickelate (II) NiCl42– complex has a tetrahedral structure, while the nickel(CN)42– tetracyanonickelate (II) complex has a planar square structure.

The qualitative and quantitative analysis uses an alkaline solution of butanedionedioxime, also known as dimethylglyoxime, to detect nickel(II) ions. When it interacts with nickel (II) ions, a red coordination compound bis (butanedionedioxymato) Ni (II) is formed. It is a chelate and the butanedionedioxymato ligand is bidentate.

Natural Ni consists of 5 stable isotopes, 58 nickel, 60 nickel, 61 nickel, 62 nickel being the most abundant (68.077% natural abundance).

Being in nature

Ni is quite common in nature - its content in the earth's crust is about 0.01% (wt.). It occurs in the earth's crust only in bound form; iron meteorites contain native Ni (up to 8%). Its content in ultrabasic rocks is approximately 200 times higher than in acidic ones (1.2 kg/t and 8 g/t). In ultramafic rocks, the predominant amount of nickel is associated with olivines containing 0.13–0.41% nickel. It also replaces magnesium isomorphically.

A small part of nickel is present in the form of sulfides. Ni exhibits siderophilic and chalcophilic properties. With an increased content of sulfur in the magma, nickel sulfides appear along with copper, cobalt, iron and platinoids. In a hydrothermal process, together with cobalt, arsenic and gray and occasionally with bismuth, uranium, and silver, Ni forms elevated concentrations as nickel arsenides and sulfides. Ni is commonly found in sulfide and arsenic-bearing copper-nickel ores.

Nickelin (red nickel pyrite, kupfernickel) nickel As.

Chloantite (white nickel pyrite) (nickel, Co, Fe)As2

Garnierite (Mg, nickel)6(Si4O11)(OH)6 with H2O and other silicates.

Magnetic pyrite (Fe, nickel, Cu)S

Arsenic-nickel luster (gersdorfite) nickel As S,

Pentlandite (Fe, Nickel) 9S8

Much is known about nickel in organisms. It has been established, for example, that its content in human blood changes with age, that in animals the amount of nickel in the body is increased, and finally, that there are some plants and microorganisms - "concentrators" of nickel, containing thousands and even hundreds of thousands of times more nickel than environment.

Receipt

The total reserves of nickel in ores at the beginning of 1998 are estimated at 135 million tons, including reliable ones - 49 million tons. The main nickel ores are nickeline (kupfernickel) nickel As, millerite nickel S, pentlandite (Fe nickel)9S8 - also contain arsenic, iron and sulfur; Inclusions of pentlandite also occur in igneous pyrrhotite. Other ores from which nickel is also mined contain impurities of Co, Cu, Fe and Mg. Sometimes Ni is the main commodity process refining, but more often it is obtained as a by-product product in technologies of other metals. Of the reliable reserves, according to various sources, from 40 to 66% of nickel is in oxidized nickel ores (ONR),

33% in sulfide. As of 1997, the share of nickel produced by the processing of OHP was about 40% of the world's production. In industrial conditions, OHP is divided into two types: magnesian and ferruginous.

Refractory magnesian ores, as a rule, are subjected to electric smelting for ferronickel (5-50% nickel + Co, depending on the composition of the raw material and technological features).

The most ferruginous - lateritic ores are processed by hydrometallurgical methods using ammonia-carbonate leaching or sulfuric acid autoclave leaching. Depending on the composition of the raw materials and the applied technological schemes, the final products of these technologies are: nickel oxide (76-90% nickel), sinter (89% nickel), sulfide concentrates of various compositions, as well as metallic Ni electrolytic, nickel powders and cobalt.

Less ferruginous - nontronite ores are melted into matte. At enterprises operating on a full cycle, a further processing scheme includes converting, roasting matte, electric smelting of nickel oxide to obtain metallic nickel. Along the way, the extracted cobalt is produced in the form of metal and/or salts. Another source of nickel: in the ashes of the coals of South Wales in Britain - up to 78 kg of nickel per ton. The increased content of nickel in some coals, oil, shales indicates the possibility of nickel concentration by fossil organic matter. The reasons for this phenomenon have not yet been elucidated.

“Ni could not be obtained for a long time in a plastic form due to the fact that it always has a small admixture of sulfur in the form of nickel sulfide, located in thin, brittle layers at the boundaries metal. The addition of a small amount of magnesium to the molten nickel converts sulfur into the form of a compound with magnesium, which precipitates in the form of grains without violating plasticity. metal».

The bulk of nickel is obtained from garnierite and magnetic pyrites.

Silicate ore is reduced with coal dust in rotary tube furnaces to iron-nickel pellets (5-8% nickel), which are then purified from sulfur, calcined and treated with an ammonia solution. After the solution is acidified, a metal is obtained electrolytically from it.

Carbonyl method (Mond method). First, copper-nickel matte is obtained from sulfide ore, over which cobalt is passed under high pressure. Easily volatile tetracarbonyl nickel nickel(CO)4 is formed, and an especially pure metal is isolated by thermal decomposition.

Aluminothermic method of nickel recovery from oxide ore: 3NiO + 2Al = 3Ni + Al2O.

Application

Alloys

Ni is the basis of most superalloys, high-temperature materials used in the aerospace industry for power plant parts.

monel metal (65 - 67% nickel + 30 - 32% Cu+ 1% Mn), heat resistant up to 500°C, very corrosion resistant;

white (585 contains 58.5% gold and an alloy (ligature) of silver and nickel (or palladium));

Nichrome, resistance alloy (60% Nickel + 40% Cr);

Permalloy (76% nickel + 17% Fe + 5% Cu + 2% Cr), has a high magnetic susceptibility with very low hysteresis losses;

Invar (65% Fe + 35% Nickel), almost does not elongate when heated;

In addition, nickel alloys include nickel and chromium-nickel steels, nickel silver, and various resistance alloys such as constantan, nickeline, and manganin.

Nickel pipes are used for the manufacture of capacitors in the production of hydrogen, for pumping alkalis in the chemical industry. Nickel chemical resistant tools are widely used in medicine and research work. Ni is used for radar, television, remote control processes in nuclear technology.

Pure nickel is used to make chemical utensils, various apparatuses, devices, boilers with high corrosion resistance and constancy of physical properties, and from nickel materials - reservoirs and tanks for storing food products, chemicals, essential oils, for transporting alkalis, for melting caustic alkalis.

On the basis of pure nickel powders, porous filters are made for filtering gases, fuels and other products in the chemical industry. industry. Powdered Ni is also consumed in the production of nickel alloys and as a binder in the manufacture of hard and superhard materials.

The biological role of nickel refers to the number of trace elements necessary for the normal development of living organisms. However, little is known about its role in living organisms. Ni is known to take part in enzymatic reactions in animals and plants. In animals, it accumulates in keratinized tissues, especially in feathers. An increased content of nickel in soils leads to endemic diseases - ugly forms appear in plants, and eye diseases in animals associated with the accumulation of nickel in the cornea. Toxic dose (for rats) - 50 mg. Particularly harmful are volatile compounds of nickel, in particular, its tetracarbonyl nickel(CO)4. MPC of nickel compounds in air ranges from 0.0002 to 0.001 mg/m3 (for various compounds).

Ni is the main cause of allergy (contact dermatitis) to metals in contact with the skin (jewelry, watches, denim studs).

In the European Union, the nickel content in products that come into contact with human skin is limited.

Nickel carbonite Nickel(CO) is highly toxic. The maximum permissible concentration of its vapors in the air of industrial premises is 0.0005 mg/m3.

In the 20th century, it was found that the pancreas is very rich in nickel. When administered after insulin, nickel prolongs the action of insulin and thereby increases hypoglycemic activity. Ni affects enzymatic processes, oxidation of ascorbic acid, accelerates the transition of sulfhydryl groups to disulfide ones. Ni can inhibit the action of adrenaline and lower blood pressure. Excess intake of nickel in the body causes vitiligo. Ni is deposited in the pancreas and parathyroid glands.

nickel plating

Nickel plating is the creation of a nickel coating on the surface of another metal in order to protect it from corrosion. It is carried out by electroplating using electrolytes containing nickel(II) sulfate, sodium chloride, boron hydroxide, surfactants and glossy substances, and soluble nickel anodes. The thickness of the resulting nickel layer is 12–36 µm. Surface gloss stability can be ensured by subsequent chromium plating (chromium layer thickness 0.3 µm).

Nickel plating without current is carried out in a solution of a mixture of nickel(II) chloride and a hypophosphite mixture of sodium in the presence of sodium citrate:

NiCl2 + NaH2PO2 + H2O = Nickel + NaH2PO3 + 2HCl

the process is carried out at pH 4 - 6 and 95 ° C

The most common are electrolytic and chemical nickel plating. More often nickel plating (so-called matte) is produced by electrolytic method. The most studied and stable in work sulfate electrolytes. When added to the electrolyte, the shine of the formers is carried out by the so-called bright nickel plating. Electrolytic coatings have some porosity, which depends on the thoroughness of the preparation of the substrate surface and on the thickness of the coating. To protect against corrosion, the complete absence of pores is necessary, therefore, a multilayer coating is applied, which, with an equal thickness, is more reliable than a single layer (for example, steel trade item often coated according to the scheme Cu - Nickel - Cr).

The disadvantages of electrolytic nickel plating are the uneven deposition of nickel on a relief surface and the impossibility of coating narrow and deep holes, cavities, etc. Chemical nickel plating is somewhat more expensive than electrolytic nickel plating, but it provides the possibility of applying a coating of uniform thickness and quality on any parts of the relief surface, provided that a solution is available to them. The process is based on the reduction reaction of nickel ions from its salts using a hypophosphite mixture of sodium (or other reducing agents) in aqueous solutions.

Nickel plating is used, for example, for coating parts of chemical equipment, cars, bicycles, medical instruments, devices.

Ni is also used for winding musical instrument strings.

coinage

Ni is widely used in the production of coins in many countries. In the United States, the 5 cent coin is colloquially called "Ni".

Ni has been a component of coins since the mid-19th century. In the United States, the term "Ni" or "Nick" was originally applied to cupro-nickel coins (flying eagle), which replaced cuprum with 12% nickel in 1857-58.

Still later in 1865, the term assigned to the three percent nickel increased by 25%. In 1866 five percent nickel (25% nickel, 75% cuprum). Along with proportion alloy, the term was currently used in the United States. Near-pure nickel coins were first used in 1881 in Switzerland, and in particular, over 99.9% of Ni from five cent coins were minted in Canada (the largest nickel producer in the world at the time).

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Sources

Wikipedia - The Free Encyclopedia, WikiPedia

hyperon-perm.ru - Production of Hyperon

cniga.com.ua - Book Portal

chem100.ru - Chemist's Handbook

bse.sci-lib.com - The meaning of words in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia

chemistry.narod.ru - World of Chemistry

dic.academic.ru - Dictionaries and encyclopedias

Encyclopedia of the investor. 2013 .

• Nicaragua

See what "Nickel" is in other dictionaries:

NICKEL- (symbol Ni), a metal with an atomic weight of 58.69, serial number 28, belongs, together with cobalt and iron, to group VIII and the 4th row of the periodic system of Mendeleev. Oud. in. 8.8, melting point 1452°. In their usual connections, N. ... ... Big Medical Encyclopedia

NICKEL- (symbol Ni), silvery white metal, TRANSITION ELEMENT, discovered in 1751. Its main ores are sulfide nickel-iron ores (pentlandite) and nickel arsenide (nickel). Nickel has a complex purification process, including differentiated decomposition ... ... Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary

NICKEL- (German Nickel). The metal is silvery white in color and is not found in its pure form. Recently, it has been used for dressing tableware and kitchen utensils. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. NICKEL German. Nickel… Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

Nickel- is a relatively hard grayish-white metal with a melting point of 1453 degrees. C. It is a ferromagnetic, malleable, ductile, strong, and resistant to corrosion and oxidation. Nickel is mostly... ... Official terminology

nickel- me, m. nickel m. , German Nickel. 1. Silvery white refractory metal. BAS 1. Nickel, a harmful companion of silver ores, got its name from the name of an evil dwarf who allegedly lived in the Saxon mines. Fersman Zanim. geochemistry. 2. The top layer of ... ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

NICKEL- (lat. Niccolum) Ni, a chemical element of group VIII of the periodic system, atomic number 28, atomic mass 58.69. The name is from the German Nickel, the name of an evil spirit that supposedly interfered with the miners. Silvery white metal; density 8.90 g/cm³, mp 1455… … Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

NICKEL- NICKEL, nickel, husband. (German Nickel). Silvery white refractory metal, upr. for the manufacture of tools, utensils, etc. (After the name of the mountain deity in Scandinavian mythology.) Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

Nickel sulfate is a crystalline substance of emerald green or turquoise color, soluble in water, weathered in air. It is one of the types of nickel salts.
Nickel sulfate is a highly toxic substance, so when working with it, you must follow the rules for handling hazardous substances.
Chemical formula: NiSO4 7H2O.
Nickel sulfate is used in electroplating for nickel plating of products and metals.
And also - for the manufacture of batteries, catalysts, ferrites in the electronic and electrical industries, in metallurgy for the preparation of alloys. Nickel has found wide application in the perfume, fat and chemical industries as a reagent.
In the production of ceramics, nickel sulfate is used as a dye.

Safety requirements for nickel sulfate (nickel sulfate heptahydrate, nickel vitriol) GOST 4465-74.
7-aqueous sulfate nickel (II) is a crystalline substance. When ingested, it has a carcinogenic and general toxic effect. In case of contact with the skin and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract and eyes, the product is irritating and causes hypersensitivity to nickel.
When dissolving 7-aqueous sulfate nickel (II) in water, a hydroaerosol is formed, which, according to the degree of impact on the body, belongs to substances of the 1st hazard class.
The maximum allowable concentration of hydroaerosol of 7-water nickel sulfate in terms of nickel in the air of the working area is 0.005 mg/m³.
The maximum allowable concentration of nickel ion in the water of reservoirs for sanitary use is 0.1 mg/dm³.
Neutralization and destruction of 7-water nickel sulfate is not subject. The spilled product after dry and subsequent wet cleaning is disposed of in technological processes for the production or consumption of nickel sulfate.
Nickel sulphate does not form toxic substances in the air and sewage.
7-water sulfate nickel (II) is non-flammable, fire- and explosion-proof.
All those working with nickel sulphate must be provided with special clothing, special footwear and other protective equipment. To protect the respiratory system, a respirator ShB-1 "Petal" should be used. To avoid contact with the skin of the hands, it is recommended to use protective paste IER-2 and lanolin-castor ointment. If nickel sulphate gets into the eyes, rinse them with plenty of water.
Production and laboratory premises in which work with 7-water nickel sulfate is carried out must be equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation, the equipment must be sealed.