Summary sandy teacher. My interests. The prototype of the Platonic teacher

Maria Nikiforovna spent her cloudless childhood in her parents' house. Father-teacher did everything to make little Mary happy. Soon Maria graduated from pedagogical courses and entered adulthood. According to the distribution, the young teacher ends up in the village of Khoshutovo, located on the border with the Central Asian desert. Despite the fact that Maria herself was from the Caspian sandy steppes, Khoshutovo struck her with her senseless, merciless struggle with the sands. The sand covered the already barren lands, the peasants were driven by hard work, and therefore the peasant had no desire to go to school.

To help the villagers, the young and energetic Maria Nikiforovna decides to lead the fight against sand. First, she goes to the regional center and asks agronomists for help. She is refused, but given educational literature on combating the desert. Maria Nikiforovna studied many books on the sand business and organized green plantings and a pine nursery in Khoshutov. Thanks to this, the desert around the village became more welcoming, and the villagers began to respect the young teacher, who created a miracle in the desert. Now the schools were full of young and adult students who wanted to listen to the lessons of Maria Nikiforovna about the intricacies of life in the sandy steppe. But happiness did not last long.

A few years later, nomads came to the village. They trampled down all the greenery, drank the water in the wells. Maria Nikiforovna was ready to fight for the results of her work, and therefore went to the leader of the nomads with a request to stop the destruction of greenery. But the leader asks the woman for a favor: to teach the inhabitants of the village of Safuta what the inhabitants of Khoshutov already know how to do. Despite the disappointment that her previous work went down the drain, Maria Nikiforovna agrees to train the peasants in forestry. She considers it a miracle that a tree can grow in the desert. Courageous Maria Nikiforovna decides to devote her life to saving the village from the sands. She tells the inhabitants of Khoshutov with a smile that she will return here in fifty years, and not along the sands, but along the forest road.

Essay on literature on the topic: Summary Sandy teacher Platonov

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Summary Sandy teacher Platonov

Year of writing: 1927

Genre: story

Main characters: Maria Naryshkina

Plot

Maria from childhood was fond of geography and knew for sure that she would be a teacher. When she received her education, she was sent to work in the village of Khoshutovo, where people constantly fought with nature and died of hunger.

The girl began to teach them how to survive in these conditions, and a year later her efforts bore fruit. People in the village began to live better and more satisfying. But then another misfortune came: thousands of herds of nomads passed through the village, which destroyed all the crops and drank all the water. The girl tried to prevent this, but she was told that these were nomadic routes and the cattle should eat something.

Then she went to the region with a complaint, but there they decided to transfer her to another village where nomads lived, who did not know how to farm. The girl did not want to leave and ruin her youth in the wilderness, but she obeyed the order.

Conclusion (my opinion)

A young girl, with the help of her knowledge, was able to help people fight the elements of nature and improve their lives. She was responsible and conscientious and was ready to work all her life for the general welfare.

Russian Historical Library
Platonov "Sandy teacher" - summary

Maria Naryshkina, the daughter of a teacher, was born in the Astrakhan province. As a child, she enthusiastically read the geographical books of her father. The desert was her home, and geography was her poetry. At the age of sixteen, Maria entered pedagogical courses in Astrakhan, four years later she graduated and was appointed as a teacher in the Russian village of Khoshutovo, in Central Asia, right on the border with the sandy desert.

Khoshutovo, a village of several dozen households, was almost completely covered with sand blown from the Pamir plateau. Shovels stood everywhere, and every day the peasants worked, clearing the estates from sand drifts. But the cleared places were again covered with sand, which sharpened human breath. The young teacher saw that the inhabitants of Khoshutov were broken by this fruitless labor and completely lost heart.

Platonov. Sand teacher
Andrey Platonov, author of the story "The Sandy Teacher"

The children went to school to the teacher faulty. In winter, among the snowstorms, mixed with sharp, stinging sand, terrible poverty set in. People began to starve. By the New Year, out of twenty students, two had died.

The teacher Maria Nikiforovna guessed that the school should teach the fight against the sands, the art of turning the desert into living land. She went to the district department of public education. There she was not given a teacher in sand science, but provided with books and suggested that she teach this business herself.

Upon returning to Khoshutovo, Maria Nikiforovna convinced the peasants to organize voluntary public works every year - a month in spring and a month in autumn. A year later, they gave brilliant results. Under the guidance of the “sandy teacher”, the only plant that grows well on these soils, the shelugu (a shrub like willow), was planted everywhere. He protected the village from the desert winds and allowed the gardens to be irrigated. Shelyuga gave the inhabitants fuel, from her rod they learned to make baskets and even furniture. Life has become calmer and more satisfying. The whole village thanked the “sand teacher”, who began to plant pine trees.

But in the third year of her life in Khoshutov, disaster struck. Once every 15 years, nomadic cattle breeders passed through the village along their nomadic ring in the desert. That year, at the end of August, thousands of their horses and huge herds appeared. After three days, nothing remained of either the shelugi or the pine - everything was gnawed, trampled and exterminated by horses and herds of nomads. Their animals drank all the water from the wells.

The sandy teacher went to the leader of the nomads. He accepted her politely, but said that their cattle needed grass, so there was nothing to be done... Why did the Russians come to our land?

Maria Nikiforovna left to complain to the Soviet authorities in the district. There they listened to her and said: in Khoshutov, the population has already learned to deal with the sands. The sandy teacher is now more needed not there, but in Safut - a village where not Russian settlers settle, but nomads who are moving to a settled way of life. The Soviet authorities were afraid that they would not sit there and scatter, so they decided to send Maria Nikiforovna there: to teach the nomads the culture of the sands.

It was a pity for the teacher to bury her youth in the sandy desert among the wild nomads. But remembering the hopeless fate of the two peoples, squeezed into the dunes, she agreed, saying that she would try to come to the district again in fifty years as an old woman - and not along the sand, but along the forest road.

In 1927, A. Platonov's story "The Sandy Teacher" was written. The prototype of the main character was the bride of the writer M. Kashintsev, who, like Maria Naryshkina from the work, was engaged in the elimination of illiteracy in a remote village near Voronezh.

In the story, Platonov refers to the theme of the struggle of an enthusiastic person with the natural elements, which he raised more than once in the 1920s. We offer you to read its summary.

"Sand teacher": acquaintance with the heroine

Maria Naryshkina is twenty years old, and she has just graduated from pedagogical courses. She was a healthy, strong girl, whose childhood and youth were spent in the Astrakhan province. She was well acquainted with the Caspian sands, but her parents protected her daughter from the details and echoes of recent events in the country: revolution and civil war. This is the beginning of the story (and its summary) by Platonov "The Sandy Teacher".

Maria was fond of geography; She was sent to a school in the village of Khoshutovo, located on the border with a dead desert in Central Asia.

A long journey and acquaintance with a new place of residence

The second chapter opens with a description of the sandstorm. Heat, dunes that look like blazing bonfires, endless streams of moving sand - this is its summary. The sandy teacher - that's what we will call Mary - saw a similar picture for the first time, so she experienced longing.

Only on the third day did the girl reach the village. Several dozen houses, rare bushes near the wells, a stone school and all the same snowdrifts of sand brought from the Pamirs. Residents desperately tried to clear their yards of him, but it was "hard and almost unnecessary work." As a result, poverty and despair of peasants tired of the struggle. This picture ends the second chapter and its summary.

The sandy teacher settled at the school, which made the caretaker tired of loneliness very happy.

First difficulties

Maria Nikiforovna somehow prepared the room for study and two months later met the students. They went to five, then twenty people. And with the onset of cold weather, there was no one to teach at all. Parents did not have the means to clothe their children. There was almost no bread left, two students died of starvation. The girl dropped her hands, because the peasants, in the conditions when it was a question of survival, did not need a school.

Maria Nikiforovna thought for a long time about what to do. Finally, I realized: you need to teach how to fight against the sands, and went to the district. They sympathized with her, gave her books and advised her to seek help from an agronomist who lived a hundred and fifty miles from Khoshutovo. This is how you can describe the meeting and its summary.

"Sand teacher": two years later

Maria Nikiforovna, not without difficulty, persuaded the inhabitants to go out in the spring and autumn for public works. Soon she found helpers in the person of two activists. A year later, the village was surrounded by green shelugovye plantings. As a result, yields were greatly increased, as the land was protected from sand and stored more moisture. There was also extra fuel. And the residents also mastered additional income: they wove baskets and furniture from twigs. Here are the results of the two-year activity of Maria Nikiforovna and its summary. Plato's sandy teacher attracted with her enthusiasm and faith in the future. In the near future, she planned to set up a pine nursery near the school.

Life in the village began to improve - only in the first winter an additional two thousand rubles were received. Adults now, along with children, constantly attended school, where they got acquainted with new ways of dealing with the desert.

This is a brief summary (the sandy teacher during this time has become stout and even more “married” with her face) of the fourth chapter.

First real sadness

The trouble happened in August of the third year. Residents have long been waiting for nomads who pass through these places every fifteen years. This usually happened in the spring, when there was still some greenery. And by the end of the summer, everything dried up, even the birds and animals went to look for better places.

The herds that came in three days destroyed everything that had been created with great difficulty for three years. Confused and embittered, Maria Nikiforovna went to the leader of the nomads. The girl accused those who came of robbery, to which she heard: “Our steppe ... Whoever is hungry and eats the grass of the motherland is not a criminal.” The conversation turned out to be unpleasant, which proves its brief content. The sandy teacher (Platonov notes that Maria Nikiforovna still considered the leader smart) immediately went to the district.

Living for the welfare of others

The manager surprised the girl by immediately declaring that now Khoshutovo would do without her. And then he explained that the peasants of the village would be able to fight the sand themselves, but they want to send her to Safuta, where the settled nomads live. Maria Nikiforova was indignant at first, but the manager immediately explained his plan. Here is a summary of it. The sand teacher will have to teach the nomads how to deal with the elements. Then the fear will disappear that at some point they will break out of the places covered with sand and again set off to destroy the landings of Russian settlers.

Maria Nikiforovna thought for a moment. But what about youth? A family? But then she remembered the clever leader, thought about the hopelessness of the tribes, squeezed by the sands, and answered with satisfaction: "I agree." Zavokrono approached the girl: “You ... could manage a whole people, not a school ... I ... for some reason am ashamed. But the desert is the future world…”.

This is the summary of the story "The Sandy Teacher" by A. Platonov.

Twenty-year-old Maria Nikiforovna Naryshkina, the daughter of a teacher, "has come from a sandy town in the Astrakhan province" looked like a healthy young man "with strong muscles and firm legs." Naryshkina owed her health not only to good heredity, but also to the fact that her father protected her from the horrors of the Civil War.

Since childhood, Maria was fond of geography. At the age of sixteen, her father took her to Astrakhan for pedagogical courses. Maria studied at the courses for four years, during which her femininity, consciousness blossomed and her attitude to life was determined.

Maria Nikiforovna was assigned as a teacher in the remote village of Khoshutovo, which was "on the border with the dead Central Asian desert." On the way to the village, Maria saw a sandstorm for the first time.

The village of Khoshutovo, where Naryshkina reached on the third day, was completely covered with sand. Every day, the peasants were engaged in hard and almost unnecessary work - they cleared the village of sand, but the cleared places fell asleep again. The villagers were immersed "in silent poverty and humble despair."

The tired, hungry peasant fought many times, worked wildly, but the forces of the desert broke him, and he lost heart, waiting either for someone's miraculous help, or for resettlement to the wet northern lands.

Maria Nikiforovna settled in a room at the school, ordered everything necessary from the city and began to teach. The disciples went wrong - then five will come, then all twenty. With the onset of a harsh winter, the school was completely empty. “The peasants were grieved from poverty,” they were running out of bread. By the New Year, two of Naryshkina's students had died.

The strong nature of Maria Nikiforovna "began to get lost and fade" - she did not know what to do in this village. It was impossible to teach hungry and sick children, and the peasants were indifferent to the school - it was too far from the "local peasant business."

The young teacher came up with the idea that people should be taught how to fight against the sands. With this idea, she went to the department of public education, where she was treated sympathetically, but they did not give a special teacher, they only provided them with books and "advised me to teach the sand business myself."

Returning, Naryshkina with great difficulty persuaded the peasants "to organize voluntary public works every year - a month in spring and a month in autumn." In just a year, Khoshutovo has changed. Under the guidance of the “sandy teacher”, the only plant that grows well on these soils, a shrub that looks like a willow, was planted everywhere.

The strips of shelyuga strengthened the sands, protected the village from the desert winds, increased the yield of herbs and allowed the gardens to be irrigated. Now the inhabitants stoked stoves with bushes, and not with smelly dry manure, from its branches they began to weave baskets and even furniture, which gave additional income.

A little later, Naryshkina took out pine seedlings and planted two strips of plantings, which protected the crops even better than shrubs. Not only children, but also adults began to go to Maria Nikiforovna's school, learning "the wisdom of life in the sandy steppe."

In the third year, trouble struck the village. Every fifteen years, nomads passed through the village “along their nomadic ring” and collected what the rested steppe gave birth to.

The windless steppe at that hour smoked on the horizon: then thousands of nomad horses galloped and their herds trampled.

Three days later, nothing remained of the three-year labor of the peasants - they destroyed and trampled the horses and cattle of the nomads, and people dug wells to the bottom.

The young teacher went to the leader of the nomads. He silently and politely listened to her and replied that the nomads are not evil, but "there is little grass, there are many people and livestock." If there are more people in Khoshutovo, they will drive the nomads "to the steppe to death, and it will be just as fair as it is now."

He who is hungry and eats the grass of his homeland is not a criminal.

Secretly appreciating the wisdom of the leader, Naryshkina went to the district with a detailed report, but there she was told that Khoshutovo would now do without her. The population already knows how to deal with the sands and, after the departure of the nomads, will be able to further revive the desert.

The manager suggested that Maria Nikiforovna transfer to Safuta, a village inhabited by nomads who had switched to a settled way of life, in order to teach local residents the science of survival among the sands. By teaching the inhabitants of Safuta the "culture of the sands", you can improve their lives and attract other nomads who will also settle down and stop destroying the plantings around Russian villages.

It was a pity for the teacher to spend her youth in such a wilderness, burying her dreams of a life partner, but she remembered the hopeless fate of the two peoples and agreed. At parting, Naryshkina promised to come in fifty years, but not along the sand, but along a forest road.

Saying goodbye to Naryshkina, the surprised head said that she could manage not the school, but the whole people. He felt sorry for the girl and for some reason ashamed, "but the desert is the future world, <...> and people will be noble when a tree grows in the desert."

Summary of Platonov's "Sandy Teacher"