With rashes of various kinds, every person encountered. The causes of such phenomena can be insect bites, allergies, infections.
Rashes can be localized on various parts of the body, including the navel, and inflammatory elements can be of several types. These are pimples, spots, blisters, blisters, bumps.
Why does acne occur at the navel in children?
In childhood, rashes in the navel are a common occurrence. Most often they occur due to sweating. These inflammatory processes occur as a result of a violation of the function of thermoregulation of the baby's body. Outwardly, they can be recognized by a reddish tint. Inflammations have the form of a nodule, which slightly rises above the skin. As a rule, prickly heat goes away with the observance of elementary hygiene procedures and the use of medicinal herbs and powder.
Often, a rash around the navel in a child can be a manifestation of an allergy. These inflammations are rough to the touch and have a light pink tint. They can arise due to intolerance by the child's body of certain components of drugs, household chemicals, products. You can get rid of them by eliminating the allergen from everyday life.
If the rashes in this area of the body are of watery origin, have a reddish tint, purulent content, you should immediately contact a dermatologist. Such a rash can indicate all kinds of infectious diseases. For example, chickenpox, measles, scarlet fever and so on.
Rash at the navel of an adult
There are many reasons for such occurrences. Most often, this is a banal allergy to various parts of clothing or accessories from it. Quite often, the skin reacts with inflammation to metal buttons, synthetic fabrics. You can recognize allergies by severe itching, which disappears after the skin ceases to contact with the allergen. In addition, the rash is present only in the navel area.
If a rash near the navel appears on the abdomen of a pregnant woman, a bandage or wearing too tight clothes may be the culprit. In addition, acne can appear as a result of skin stretching, which is a completely natural process during pregnancy. Moisturizing creams, replacing clothes with more spacious ones will help get rid of this phenomenon.
Sometimes a rash around the navel may indicate the presence of various sexually transmitted diseases, but in this case it is a secondary symptom.
Sometimes people find themselves with a rash on their stomach. Often the rashes itch, and, in addition to a cosmetic defect, give their owner a lot of discomfort. Trying to understand where it came from, what it means and how to get rid of it, a person begins to remember everything that has happened to him lately.
What does a rash on the stomach look like?
The appearance of rashes depends on the specific cause of their appearance. The spots of the rash can be large or small, merge with each other or be scattered. Elements of rashes differ in color and structure from the surrounding healthy tissues. The rash can be either deep red or a barely noticeable pale pink.
A rash on the abdomen may appear as:
- transparent bubbles;
- edematous blisters with liquid;
- crusts;
- keratinized scales;
- spots with a raised rim;
- spots that rise above the surface of healthy skin;
- flat spots.
The intensity of itching, which is an invariable companion of the rash, varies from its almost complete absence to unbearable, and depends on the underlying disease. What's more, rash areas tend to have a higher temperature than undamaged skin.
Possible causes of a rash on the abdomen in adults
In an adult, the appearance of spots on the body most often indicates some kind of trouble in the body. Why does a rash occur in adults, and is it necessary to do something about it?
Skin diseases
The following are examples of dermatological diseases that manifest as a rash on the abdomen.
It could be one of the types:
- red flat;
- pityriasis;
- pink;
- multicolored.
It is possible that one of the causative agents of the rash may be
The following skin problems may also be the cause of the rash.:
- Scabies- This is a serious contagious disease caused by the introduction of the scabies mite into the skin. Abundant scabies appear not only on the abdomen, but also around the navel, on the chest, ribs and back, causing peeling of the skin and severe itching, especially unbearable at night and in hot weather.
- - chronic, difficult to treat skin disease. Psoriatic rashes with itching on the skin look like small pink papules covered with white scales. When scraping off the scales, a bleeding surface is exposed.
- contact dermatitis. Spots and bubbles on the abdomen, around the waist or at the navel, appear in men due to friction with a belt buckle or belt. In obese, profusely sweating people, weeping red spots without itching occur at the points of contact of moist skin folds. Favorite places of this type of rash: under the mammary glands or in the lower abdomen of women, on the sides, if they are saggy, and in the armpits. The course of contact dermatitis is often complicated by the addition of a fungal or bacterial infection.
Allergic reaction in the form of a rash can occur on any part of human skin in response to contact with an allergen. First, there is an area of redness, which quickly swells. Then bubbles with a clear liquid form in this area.
In place of burst bubbles, weeping areas appear; a person is tormented by severe itching and irritation. The main problem is that scratched wounds can serve as open gates for infection.
Examples of allergic dermatoses:
- Hives- observed as an allergy to certain foods, to cold and to medicines. Blisters appear on the skin, the same as with a nettle burn. A red rash can appear both on the abdomen and on the buttocks, arms and legs. Itchy edematous spots quickly increase, merge with each other and form a pattern on the body that resembles a geographical map. Urticaria appears almost instantly after contact with the allergen, and disappears just as quickly, leaving no traces behind.
- Allergic dermatitis. A rash on the abdomen usually occurs from contact with allergenic tissue (clothing, bed linen), body care products (creams, gels) and some plants, or from the bites of certain insects (bees, hornets). It passes after the elimination of the allergenic factor.
- Toxidermia. It is expressed in acute inflammation of the skin, the appearance of rashes. As a rule, a small inflammatory rash appears after taking certain medications.
- Eczema- chronically current intractable disease. At the beginning of the disease, the patient sees that a red spot has appeared on the skin. It soon turns into a blister. Gradually, others appear near the first spot. Itchy blisters, opening up, form weeping ulcers that do not heal for a long time. The rash does not stop even after the cessation of contact with the allergen.
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Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract
The enzymes needed to break down food are produced by the pancreas. The liver neutralizes harmful substances.
Therefore, any malfunction of at least one of these important organs can lead to other disorders in the body - for example, or dermatitis.
So, if a person has a rash on his body, his back, stomach itches, the reasons may lie in such diseases of the digestive system:
- irritable bowel;
- gastroenterocolitis;
- pancreatitis;
- helminthiasis;
- avitaminosis;
- cirrhosis of the liver.
Sexual infections
The causative agents of this type of disease are viruses and fungi. What sexual infections cause a rash on the abdomen?
- AIDS in the early stages. The virus that destroys the immune system enters the blood of a healthy person through microtraumas on the mucous membranes.
- Syphilis. The appearance of a bright rash on the abdomen, which does not itch and disappears without a trace after 2 months, means the presence of this disease.
- Candidiasis(thrush) develops with the activation of yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida. Redness, blisters, and then weeping erosions choose the lower abdomen, inguinal folds, and genitals as their place of localization.
- Implementation human papillomavirus causes the growth of genital warts, papillomas and warts. Most often, these formations grow in the anogenital region, but can also appear in the navel and lower abdomen.
Rash on the abdomen in children
A small rash on the abdomen of a baby who feeds only on breast milk is caused by the mother eating allergenic foods (oranges, chocolate, caviar, etc.). There are frequent cases of food allergies with the onset of complementary foods: a baby may develop hives with characteristic swollen spots on the abdomen, back and buttocks.
A small rash in the form of pink dots in a child under two years old is prickly heat, her appearance means that the baby is wrapped too warmly and he is sweating.
In older children, the causes of a rash on the abdomen are not fundamentally different from those in adults: these are infectious or skin diseases listed above.
It is an indicator that some changes are taking place in the body. The rash itself can have a different appearance, it all depends on what provoked it. It can occur at any age.
Types of rashes
Consider the main types of rashes that can occur on the surface of the skin of the tummy of the crumbs:
- Large spots may appear, which are interconnected into a single formation.
- Small spots that are scattered randomly on the surface of the skin and differ from healthy skin only in color.
- A small rash that appears can cause an increase in the temperature of the skin tissue.
- The formation can take the form of bubbles, inside of which there is a whitish or grayish liquid, while the skin nearby is keratinized.
- In children, the rash on the abdomen can have a different color, for example, red, white or pinkish.
- The skin itself in the place where the rash is located can change color, become colorless, or, conversely, acquire a pronounced color.
Factors that cause a rash on the abdomen in children
Almost every such manifestation accompanies itching, which may differ in the nature of the intensity, it depends on the factor of occurrence. If the rash is provoked by the fact that inflammatory processes occur in the baby's body, you should be worried.
Main symptoms:
- Dermatitis is a simple skin disease that may not manifest itself in any way, except for the formation of a rash.
- An allergic rash on a child's abdomen is the most common factor that causes spots to appear. It can be caused by poor ecology, communication of a child with a pet, improper diet, drugs and even ordinary ornamental plants can affect the rash. Usually, with allergic reactions, there is still a desire to constantly sleep, watery eyes, and constant sneezing is observed.
- Herpes - with this disease, papules appear on the surface of the abdomen in the form of a belt, which is located at the level of the last rib in a child. Such a rash on the stomach of a child itches.
- Eczema and psoriasis are skin diseases. However, with them, the rash is present not only on the stomach, but also on the hands of the baby.
What else can cause a rash?
Non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene is very common among children. Due to their age, they do not know how to properly care for their body. And the parent can not always immediately pay attention to this. For example, a child may be in the water for a long time. Or maybe wear the same dirty underwear. Then there is a rash on the abdomen of the child without itching.
And, of course, the most common infectious diseases are accompanied by the appearance of various types of rashes. With rubella, chickenpox, scarlet fever and measles, you can not do without it, it can also be accompanied by itching, and maybe without it. Each disease has its own rash. So with scarlet fever, such a manifestation occurs in the inguinal region in the lower abdomen, accompanied by severe itching. However, after a few days, it subsides and turns into normal peeling.
When does the measles rash appear?
With measles in children, a rash on the abdomen does not occur immediately, but only on the fourth day after the disease began to develop in the body. It appears first on the head and then descends to the stomach, while constantly itching. The rash in this case looks like large acne, merging with each other. At the end of the disease, no traces remain. With infections, the color scheme of the rash has a reddish tint and a clear structuring, which does not allow confusion with other causes of skin rashes. In this case, the temperature necessarily rises, weakness appears throughout the body, the child develops apathy towards everything around him, and sometimes there is a clouding of reason. All this disappears as soon as the infectious disease passes.
Treatment options for a rash on the skin of the abdomen in a child
A small rash is treated in combination with the disease with which it is provoked. With any education, it is necessary to seek medical help from specialists. Of course, if you are sure that this is an allergy, then you can use tablets and special ointments, the action of which is aimed at removing an allergic reaction. It is also necessary to eliminate the focus itself, which provokes these manifestations in the baby.
Skin diseases are also treated with special ointments. In addition, you need to take medications. The most difficult is getting rid of scabies, in time it is a very long process. With the scabies mite, you need to be very careful, as it tends to be transmitted to other people. Before starting a course of treatment at home, disinfection must be carried out. Here it is necessary to isolate the patient from absolutely healthy people. All things of the patient are treated with chemicals that can prevent the appearance of ticks again. A rash that has formed on the surface of the skin of the abdomen is treated with an ointment.
How to treat a rash with fever?
Infectious diseases are always accompanied by fever, so treatment is aimed not only at eliminating the cause of these manifestations, but also at lowering the patient's temperature. Therefore, you need to take antibiotics and antipyretic drugs. These diseases have a negative impact on the immune system, you should also take medications that can increase it.
Viral etiology
For children, the following diseases of this group are characteristic:
- As mentioned earlier, one of the most serious diseases is measles. A rash on the abdomen occurs on the second day of illness, and on the first day it appears on the face. Outwardly, it resembles blisters that itch very strongly. As a rule, there is no special treatment, and the course of recovery is aimed at getting rid of intoxication.
- The disease that almost everyone faces in childhood is rubella. Doctors believe that at an early age it is easiest to transfer this disease. The red rash here starts from the head and descends to the abdomen. The foci of the rash themselves can be formed into small spots. Note that this disease is accompanied by a temperature, but it is not so high, only about 37.5 degrees. The condition of the child is not strongly disturbed. But it is very difficult for older children to endure the disease, since they have a picture of general malaise, and their body temperature rises to 39 degrees. The most important thing during treatment is to stay in bed and drink plenty of fluids so that dehydration does not occur. After all, a rash on the stomach and a temperature in a child are not jokes.
- Hepatitis B virus - here the rash appears on the entire body of the child, the stomach is no exception. It is very similar in appearance to hives, small red pimples, but they do not itch. They stay on the body for about three weeks. Treatment is aimed at combating hepatitis.
- Enteroviral infection is a peculiar disease. In the first days, the patient has disorders associated with digestion and a strong increase in temperature, and then on the fifth day a rash begins to appear on the abdomen. It is important that with its appearance the general condition of the small patient is normalized.
Herpes viruses
This virus has many varieties, we will consider only those that have one of the symptoms - a red rash on the abdomen:
- Chickenpox is an acute illness caused by the zoster virus. The rash spreads all over the body, it itches a lot. The general condition of the child is disturbed, there is weakness in the limbs, headaches, body temperature rises to 40 degrees. A small rash merges with each other and forms large blisters. For treatment, you can use potassium permanganate and ointment with acyclovir solution.
- One type of herpes is infectious mononucleosis. This disease is characterized by fever and the formation of papules on the abdomen, face and chest of the child. It is considered the most dangerous, as it can be the beginning of the formation of Burkitt's lymphoma in the body. The treatment process takes place in a complex of measures for therapy.
- Shingles - this disease can only occur after the patient has had chickenpox. Occurs against the background of reduced immunity. The rash is located on the body in places where nerve fibers pass. The papules themselves itch and burn very strongly. It is sometimes confused with kidney disease. It is necessary to consult with a neurologist and an immunologist.
What other causes of a rash on the abdomen in a child?
Bacterial agents
Bacterial pathogens often cause neoplasms on the surface of the skin in the abdomen:
- A disease that affects the skin with staphylococci is called pyoderma. In this case, the patient develops a rash that contains pus. Treatment is prescribed with ointments in combination with antibiotics.
- With scarlet fever, the tonsils become inflamed, and a rash appears all over the baby's body, especially on the tummy. A distinctive feature of this disease is the raspberry tongue. Your doctor can help you create a treatment plan for scarlet fever.
- Erysipelas are skin changes that can be anywhere on the body. In 20%, it is possible that the rash can be located on the abdomen. In this case, the formations have a rich reddish tint, and their edges may be uneven. Often there is an increase in body temperature. Treatment occurs with the use of drugs and ointments.
- Typhoid or typhus is a threat to the life and health of the crumbs. Symptoms are very distinctive - there is bloating, constipation, body temperature rises and a rash appears on the stomach. Treatment takes place only in a hospital. To date, the disease is completely curable.
In a child aged 1 year
A rash on the abdomen in a one-year-old child is caused by sweating or an allergic reaction to new foods introduced into the diet. To fix the problem, contact your pediatrician, who will accurately determine the cause of their occurrence.
Conclusion
There are many reasons why a rash can form on the abdomen. Therefore, you should not self-medicate at home, you should immediately consult a doctor. Since only a medical worker will be able to competently and correctly draw up a plan for the treatment of the disease.
The appearance of rashes on the body is a very unfavorable symptom that occurs with a huge variety of diseases. What should parents do if a child has a rash on his stomach, this article will tell.
The reasons
The appearance of rashes on the abdomen can be in a variety of conditions. A rash manifests itself in a sick child in different ways. It is important to note that rashes can appear at any age.
The reasons that lead to the development of specific rashes in newborn babies and older children differ significantly from each other. Quite often, rashes spread throughout the body.
One of the most common causes of a rash on the body is allergy. The appearance of rashes leads to exposure to a variety of allergens. In babies of the first year of life, the introduction of the first complementary foods often provokes a rash.
The use of improperly selected hygiene products used for daily procedures can also cause a severe allergic reaction on the skin. Manifestations of allergic reactions are quite often found already in one-year-old babies.
Wearing clothes made from synthetic materials contributes to the development contact dermatitis. In this case, rashes appear in those places where there was direct contact with clothing.
Skin elements in this case look like a small red rash. These lesions tend to coalesce, forming rather large, irregularly shaped lesions.
contact dermatitis
Allergy to washing powder
A common cause of a rash on the abdomen and chest in babies is various childhood infectious diseases. Measles, rubella, chickenpox are quite severe in children and are accompanied by the appearance of characteristic symptoms.
After a few days, skin rashes rapidly spread throughout the body of a sick child. Each of these pathologies has its own incubation period, the duration of which can be from several days to a couple of weeks.
One of the most interesting forms of the disease is the appearance of a rash on the trunk. after high temperature. After previous viral or bacterial infections in a child, red roseolous rashes appear on the skin. They are usually located on the abdomen and back. In diameter, such skin rashes usually do not exceed 4-5 mm.
These skin elements usually disappear on their own after a couple of days from the moment the body temperature returns to normal.
Toddlers attending educational institutions can become infected with scabies quite easily. The disease is spreading household contact method.
Scabies
Scabies
The appearance of skin rashes on the abdomen can be a manifestation severe diseases of internal organs. Systemic neoplasms of the blood are often manifested by the appearance of multiple rashes. Usually these symptoms are extremely unfavorable. Such skin rashes appear due to damage to the capillaries - the smallest blood vessels.
Babies of the first year of life quite often develop skin rashes in the abdomen and on the neck. These adverse symptoms are caused by violation of thermoregulation. This condition is called prickly heat and develops in children quite often.
Excessive wrapping of a child in the first months of life provokes overheating of the skin and contributes to increased sweating, which leads to the development of a variety of rashes on the baby's skin.
Prickly heat
Affect the development of the disease in the baby and various fungal diseases. One of these pathologies is lichen. This pathological condition is accompanied by the appearance of bright red elements that cause severe itching in the child. Quite often, such rashes appear in children in the inguinal zone and on the stomach.
One of the most common childhood pathologies is lichen, which is caused by microsporums and trichophytons. These microorganisms provoke rather unfavorable rashes on the skin of a sick child. This pathology is also called multi-colored or colored lichen. Infection can occur from a sick baby to a healthy one.
After cleansing from fungal rashes, numerous pale areas remain on the skin. Usually they are covered with multiple skin scales, which are highly desquamated.
The skin of damaged areas tans rather badly and itches a lot. Only after a few months and after complete cleansing of fungi, the structure of the skin is completely restored.
What does it look like?
Skin rashes can manifest themselves in different ways. This largely depends on the cause that led to the development of these rashes.
For allergies
Allergic skin elements look like bright red individual spots. They can be located on various parts of the body. Usually, these elements are very itchy and bring severe discomfort to the sick baby.
The duration of persistence on the skin of allergic rashes can be different. Usually adverse symptoms persist during the persistence of the allergen in the child's body.
If the child is undergoing specific treatment, but the substance provoking an allergic reaction continues to get in, then a rash may remain on the skin for a long time. New loose elements that have appeared recently will generally have a more intense color.
It is possible to distinguish allergic rashes from other skin manifestations at home. In this case when pressing on a separate element of the rash, it turns pale and usually disappears.
The presence of various types of allergies in close relatives also greatly facilitates the differential diagnosis. In this case, the appearance of a rash on the skin of the baby may be caused by genetic allergic susceptibility to a specific allergen.
Dermatitis, which is allergic in nature, usually manifests itself in places with thin areas of the skin. The appearance of such rashes on the abdomen is a fairly common localization. The spread of bright red elements over all skin also confirms that the child has a possible allergy.
To eliminate adverse symptoms in this case, doctors prescribe antihistamines that have a pronounced anti-inflammatory and antisensitizing effect.
With prickly heat
Sweating on the skin of a child is manifested by the appearance of multiple red and white spots. In some cases, they can also be located on the abdomen. This is especially common when using excessively warm clothes in the hot summer.
Wrapping a child in a warm jacket in the summer leads to increased sweating, which contributes to the appearance of specific manifestations of prickly heat on the skin of the abdomen, back or neck.
With chicken pox
Skin blisters usually remain on the skin for several days, and then completely disappear. Windmill is typical the rapid spread of the rash throughout the body.
Chickenpox is manifested by the appearance of initially bright red spots on the skin, which quickly turn into bubbles. Inside, these skin rashes are filled with serous discharge mixed with ichor. If such a bubble breaks through, then all the liquid flows out, and an abscess remains in place of the former skin element.
Skin blisters usually remain on the skin for several days, and then completely disappear. Chickenpox is characterized by a rapid spread of the rash throughout the body.
With rubella
Rubella is another childhood pathology that can cause various rashes to appear on the baby's tummy. This disease is transmitted, as a rule, by airborne droplets.
Children attending kindergarten can become infected with rubella within a fairly short period of time. First, a sick child has pronounced symptoms of intoxication, and only then specific changes appear on the skin.
For measles
Infection with measles also contributes to the appearance of various rashes on the baby's tummy. This childhood infection is most common in very young children.
This pathology is manifested by the appearance on the skin of a child of characteristic rashes that look like numerous bright red spots. In most cases, their shape is incorrect.
For insect bites
Bites of various insects can also provoke the appearance of a rash on the abdomen. Household mites that live in pillows and blankets can cause various skin rashes. Such typified elements can appear on various parts of the body, but are quite common on the stomach and back.
They look like small rashes. This pathology is most severe in children with an allergic predisposition.
A rash on the body in an adult can be a symptom not only of a variety of skin diseases, but also as a side effect of a malfunction of the internal organs. Most rashes are not dangerous, but some are very serious.
Almost every person has experienced various skin changes, as there are dozens of diseases in which a rash always occurs, and hundreds of numerous diseases in which a rash may or may not appear.
It is very important to monitor not only the nature of the rash, but also other unusual symptoms, such as fever, itching, weakness, malaise, etc. - this will help to make sure the diagnosis is correct, because the causes of a rash on the abdomen are numerous.
In this article you will learn: what are the diseases in which rashes on the abdomen appear, the first symptoms and course of the disease, as well as methods of diagnosis and treatment.
What is a rash on the abdomen in an adult
Rash on the abdomen in an adult
Doctors call a sudden onset of various changes on the skin a rash. There are several dozen diseases in which a rash always occurs, and several hundred in which it can be. The vast majority of these diseases are not at all terrible, but there are also very dangerous ones, so you need to be careful with a rash.
To begin with, we note that there are three groups of diseases in which rashes can appear on the skin:
- infectious diseases.
- Allergic diseases.
- Diseases of the blood and blood vessels.
A rash appears in diseases that cause viruses - measles, rubella, chicken pox - these are the most common, but there are many others with terrible names - herpetic infection, infectious mononucleosis, infectious erythema, etc. A feature of all these diseases is the almost complete lack of opportunities it is important to help the patient, since effective ways to deal with viruses have not yet been invented.
But there is nothing particularly sad about this - the human body copes with the virus on its own within one to two weeks. True, on one condition - that it is a child's organism. Both measles, rubella, and chickenpox in adults are quite difficult and are often accompanied by complications. Hence, by the way, a very useful conclusion about the benefits of visiting preschool institutions in order to get sick in time than expected.
Infectious rashes can be caused by bacteria. On the one hand, it is easier with them - there are antibacterial drugs (antibiotics, sulfonamides) that can help the sick person. But, on the other hand, the diseases themselves can be very serious, when the rash is so, a trifle, compared to everything else.
The most common bacterial infection with a rash is scarlet fever, but everyone has heard of many other diseases that cause a rash - typhoid and typhus, syphilis, meningitis, staph infection.
A rash as a manifestation of an allergy is not at all uncommon (to put it mildly). Thoughts about the allergic nature of the disease in general and the rash in particular arise, as a rule, when, firstly, there are no signs of infection - that is, the general condition is not disturbed, the temperature is normal, the appetite has not disappeared, and, secondly, there is something to sin on - that is, there was contact with something (someone) who could be a source of allergies.
This something could be eaten (citrus fruits, chocolate, pills), this something could be pricked (medicine), it could be breathed (painted, sprinkled, anointed), it could be rubbed against (cats, dogs, rugs, clothes “well” dyed or washed in something “good”).
From the above, it is easy to conclude that there are four main types of allergies - food, drug, respiratory (respiratory) and contact.A rash in the diseases of the blood and blood vessels mentioned by us occurs for two main reasons:
- A decrease in the number or dysfunction of special blood cells - platelets, which are actively involved in the process of blood clotting (often congenital).
- Violation of vascular permeability. The rash in these diseases has the form of large or small hemorrhages, its appearance is provoked by injuries or other diseases - for example, fever with a common cold.
From the above, it is easy to conclude: it is not always possible to unambiguously identify the cause of the rash. For example, a person fell ill with pneumonia. They injected penicillin - a rash appeared. That is, the cause of the disease is an infection, and the cause of the rash is an allergy.
The most terrible rash occurs with the so-called meningococcal infection. Meningococcus is the microbe that most often causes meningitis, but in addition to meningitis, it can cause blood poisoning, a condition doctors call meningococcemia. With meningococcemia, less than a day can pass from the moment the rash appears to the death of a person, but with timely treatment, the chances of salvation are 80-90%.
It is in this regard that any rash must be shown to the doctor, and the sooner the better. If the appearance of a rash is accompanied by vomiting and high fever, and the elements of the rash look like hemorrhages, use every opportunity to deliver the sick person to the infectious diseases (or at least to the nearest) hospital as soon as possible.
Of the three major childhood viral infections with a rash (measles, rubella, chickenpox), measles is the most dangerous, but in vaccinated children it is either not observed or is mild. Do not ignore preventive vaccinations!
Anyone with a rash should be kept away from pregnant women until the doctor says it is not rubella (rubella virus is very dangerous to the fetus).If the rash is very, very itchy (especially at night), then you may very well have scabies. This is not a virus or a bacterium, it is such a tick that crawls in the skin, episodically getting out to the surface and leaving elements of a steamy rash (entrance and exit). Scabies is not at all a shameful disease for a particular person, but a shameful disease for society as a whole. You can pick it up in a crowded tram, and on the railway, etc. It's just that you can't run it.
Remember that the cause of the rash is usually internal, not external. No blues, greens, iodine and potassium permanganate can help the patient. But if you really want to smear yourself or paint a baby - please, just show the rash to the doctor first, and only then paint.
Source: articles.komarovskiy.net
Mechanisms of occurrence and development of the disease
The infectious nature of rashes is confirmed by a number of signs characterizing the infectious process:
- general intoxication syndrome (fever, weakness, malaise, headache, sometimes vomiting, etc.);
- symptoms characteristic of this disease (occipital lymphadenitis with rubella, Filatov-Koplik spots with measles, limited hyperemia of the pharynx with scarlet fever, polymorphism of clinical symptoms with yersiniosis, etc.);
- an infectious disease is characterized by a cyclical course of the disease, the presence of cases in the family, the team, in people who have been in contact with the patient and do not have antibodies to this infectious disease. However, the rash can be of the same nature with different pathologies.
A rash, in diseases of the blood and blood vessels, occurs for two main reasons: a decrease in the number or dysfunction of platelets (often congenital), a violation of vascular permeability.
The rash in these diseases has the form of large or small hemorrhages, its appearance is provoked by injuries or other diseases - for example, fever with a common cold.
Morphological elements of skin rashes are called various types of rashes that appear on the skin and mucous membranes.
All of them are divided into 2 large groups: primary morphological elements that appear first on hitherto unaltered skin, and secondary ones that appear as a result of the evolution of primary elements on their surface or appear after their disappearance.
In diagnostic terms, the most important are the primary morphological elements, according to the nature of which (color, shape, size, shape, nature of the surface, etc.) in a significant number of cases it is possible to determine the nosology of dermatosis, and therefore the identification and description of the primary elements of the rash is of great importance. in local medical history status.
Source: webmed.com.ua
How do rashes appear?
A rash on the stomach manifests itself differently for everyone. Its manifestation will depend on the cause of the occurrence. Depending on the external characteristics, the following types of rashes are distinguished:
- Spots (macula) - the elements are located at the level of the skin and do not rise above its surface. Depending on the color of the spot, roseola (red spots), areas of limited pigmentation (brown spots), vitiligo (white spots) are distinguished. If the cause of the spot was bleeding into the skin, depending on the size of the focus, hematomas (a large accumulation of blood in the soft tissues), ecchymosis (hemorrhages larger than 1 cm) and petechiae (small hemorrhages, ranging in size from a few mm to 1 cm) are distinguished.
- Blisters - the element of the rash is slightly raised above the level of healthy skin, has a dense, rough surface.
- Papules - the element resembles a nodule located in the thickness of the skin, it is a solid formation, without an internal cavity, ranging in size from a pinhead to a lentil grain.
- Bubbles are filled with liquid (more often transparent) contents of the cavity in the skin; depending on their size, the blisters may be called vesicles (small blisters) or bullae (large blisters).
- If the contents of the bladder is pus, such a bladder is called a pustule (purulent bladder).
- Erosions and ulcers are elements of various sizes and depths of damage, which are characterized by a violation of the integrity of the skin and the presence of a discharge (clear or cloudy, odorless or with an unpleasant odor).
- Crusts - formed in place of blisters, pustules, erosions and ulcers. The appearance of crusts indicates the resolution of the element and a possible speedy recovery.
Source: deti.health-ua.org
Skin rash of an infectious nature
Pityriasis versicolor is a mildly contagious fungal skin disease associated with excessive sweating. Initially, yellowish-brown dots appear on the skin in the area of the hair follicles, which then turn into round yellow-brown spots with clear scalloped borders, up to 1 cm in size or more, with a surface covered with bran-like scales.
Pink lichen at the initial stage of the disease, a pink-red oval spot with slight peeling in the center forms on the skin of the back or chest. A little later, symmetrically located spots, papules or blisters appear on the trunk and limbs.
Ostiofolliculitis - characterized by small (no more than a pinhead) pustules containing grayish-white thick pus, penetrated by hair and surrounded by a reddish border around the periphery. The favorite localization of the rash is the scalp, face, extensor surfaces of the limbs. After 3-5 days, the pustules shrink with the formation of a yellow-brown crust, after which there are pigmented spots and slight peeling.
Lichen planus - typically the appearance of nodules, grouped with the formation of lines, rings, garlands, lines with a symmetrical arrangement of the rash.
Most often, the inner surface of the arms and legs, the trunk, and the genitals are affected. The appearance of rashes is accompanied by itching. Candidiasis - or yeast diaper rash - is most often localized in the area of \u200b\u200bthe skin folds, including in the folds of the abdomen in people with obesity.
At the initial stage, the appearance of small superficial vesicles and pustules is noted, which, opening up, form dark red moist erosions that are prone to merging. When viewed on the skin of the folds, small cracks and accumulations of a whitish mushy mass are noted.
Rubella
With rubella, the rash appears on the face, neck, and within the next few hours after the onset of the disease, it spreads throughout the body. It is localized mainly on the extensor surfaces of the limbs, buttocks, back; in other parts of the body it is more scarce.
Varieties of the rash can be considered papularity and small spots. When a rash appears, the temperature usually rises to 38-39 ° C, but may be normal. The sense of well-being is disturbed a little. Typically, an increase in the posterior cervical, occipital and other lymph nodes, which reach the size of beans 1-2 days before the rash, are dense, and can be somewhat painful. The increase often lasts up to 10-14 days, often noticeable even visually.
Rubella usually appears between the 12th and 21st days after contact with a sick person. Only a doctor can make a diagnosis, because rubella rash is easily confused with measles rash, scarlet fever, prickly heat, and drug rash. Rubella occurs as a relatively mild viral disease.
Rubella mainly affects children under 15 years of age. However, in recent years there has been a shift in the incidence to an older age (20-29 years). The risk group are women of childbearing age.
In pregnant women with rubella, the virus passes through the placenta and enters the tissues of the fetus, leading to its death or severe deformities. Therefore, when women become ill in the first 16 weeks of pregnancy, termination of pregnancy is recommended in many countries.
Recognition of typical cases of rubella during an epidemic outbreak is not difficult. But it is quite difficult to establish a diagnosis in sporadic cases, especially in atypical cases.
In this case, virological diagnostic methods can be used. For this purpose, blood is examined in RTGA or ELISA, which are placed with paired sera taken at intervals of 10-14 days. Diagnostic is the increase in antibody titer by 4 times or more.
Measles
With measles, the period of rash begins after the catarrhal period, characterized by symptoms of general intoxication (rise in body temperature to 38-39 ° C, headache, lethargy, general malaise), runny nose, cough, conjunctivitis. The duration of the catarrhal period is most often 2-3 days, but can vary from 1-2 to 5-6 days. Before the rash appears, the temperature often decreases, sometimes to normal numbers.
The rash is usually profuse, merging in places, especially on the face, somewhat less on the trunk, and even less on the legs. When it appears, it looks like pink roseolas or small papules, then it becomes bright, enlarges and merges in places, which creates polymorphism in the size of roseolas.
A day later, they lose their papularity, change color - become brown, do not disappear under pressure and turn into age spots in the same order in which the rash appeared - first on the face, gradually on the trunk and finally on the legs. Therefore, you can see pigmentation on the face at the same time, and there is still a bright rash on the legs.
The measles rash is almost always typical, and varieties are rare. These include hemorrhagic changes, when the rash acquires a purple-cherry hue.
When the skin is stretched, it does not disappear, and when it passes into pigmentation, it first acquires a greenish and then brown color. Often, against the background of a normal rash, hemorrhages appear in places subject to pressure. The first symptoms of measles appear between the 9th and 16th day after contact with the patient. Measles is contagious from the moment the symptoms of a cold appear.
The rash lasts for four days at a high temperature, then begins to disappear; the temperature also drops, peeling appears, like small bran. If the temperature does not decrease or rises again, one should think about complications after measles - this is pneumonia and inflammation of the middle ear.
Enteroviral infection
Very similar to measles diseases of enterovirus nature. With enterovirus infection, a bright spotted rash may appear in the same way as with measles, after a 2-3-day catarrhal period. In severe cases, the rash captures the trunk, limbs, face, feet.
With this form, against the background of moderate intoxication and a slight increase in body temperature, a rash appears on the fingers and toes in the form of small vesicles 1–3 mm in diameter, slightly protruding above the level of the skin and surrounded by a halo of hyperemia.
At the same time, single small aphthous elements are found on the tongue and mucous membrane of the cheeks. Herpetic eruptions may appear. Clinical diagnosis of enteroviral infections is still imperfect. Even with severe forms, the diagnosis is established only presumably.
Scarlet fever
With scarlet fever, a rash appears 1-2 days after catarrhal symptoms and intoxication (fever, deterioration of health, vomiting, pain when swallowing). There is a bright hyperemia of the pharynx, an increase in the tonsils and lymph nodes.
The main element of the rash is a punctate roseola 1-2 mm in size, pink in color, in severe cases with a bluish tinge. The center of the roseola is usually more intensely colored. The protrusion of points above the level of the skin is better seen with side lighting and is determined by touch (“shagreen leather”). Roseolas are located very densely, their peripheral zones merge and create a general hyperemia of the skin.
Localization of scarlatinal rash is very typical. It is always thicker and brighter in the armpits, elbows, inguinal and popliteal folds, in the lower abdomen and on the inner surfaces of the thighs (inguinal triangle).
On the face, the rash as such is not visible, it appears as redness of the cheeks. The nasolabial triangle remains pale; against its background, the bright color of the lips is striking.
In the folds of the skin of the neck, elbow, inguinal and knee folds, dark stripes appear that do not disappear with pressure; they are due to the formation of small petechiae that appear due to increased fragility of blood vessels.
Scarlet fever is characterized by dry skin and often itching. White dermographism is considered typical - white stripes on hyperemic skin after a blunt object is passed over it. With scarlet fever, other types of rash can also occur:
- miliary in the form of small, 1 mm in size, vesicles filled with a yellowish, sometimes turbid liquid;
- roseolous-papular rash on the extensor surfaces of the joints;
- hemorrhagic rash in the form of small hemorrhages, more often on the neck, in the armpits, on the inner surface of the thighs.
At the same time, the tongue and pharynx change. At first, the tongue is densely lined, from the 2-3rd day it begins to clear and by the 4th day it takes on a characteristic appearance: bright red color, sharply protruding enlarged papillae (“raspberry tongue”). "Raspberry tongue" remains until the 10-12th day of illness. Changes in the pharynx disappear more slowly.
After blanching of the rash, peeling begins. The brighter the rash, the more distinct it is. On the face and neck, peeling is usually pityriasis, on the trunk and extremities - lamellar. Large-lamellar peeling appears later and starts from the free edge of the nail, then spreads to the ends of the fingers and further to the palm and sole.
Currently, most patients with scarlet fever are treated at home. Hospitalization is carried out according to epidemiological indications (when it is necessary to isolate the patient from a closed team), as well as in severe forms.
Scarlet fever is one of the possible forms of diseases caused by common streptococci. Usually it affects children from 2 to 8 years, but adults are no exception. The source of infection is not only patients with scarlet fever, but also patients with tonsillitis, as well as carriers of streptococci.
Chicken pox
Rashes in chickenpox are represented by spots and vesicles (vesicles). The onset of the disease is acute. Older children and adults may have a headache and general malaise the day before the rash appears. But a small child does not notice such symptoms. Without disturbing the general condition, with an increase in body temperature (or even at normal temperature), a rash appears on the skin of various areas.
The development of varicella vesicles is very dynamic. First, red spots appear; in the next few hours, bubbles 3-5 mm in diameter are formed on their base, filled with a clear liquid (they are often compared to a dew drop). They are single-chamber and fall off when punctured.
Vesicles are located on a non-infiltrated base, sometimes surrounded by a red rim. On the 2nd day, the surface of the bubble becomes lethargic, wrinkled, its center begins to sink. In the following days, crusts form, which gradually (within 7-8 days) dry up and fall off, leaving no trace on the skin.
The polymorphism of the rash is characteristic: on a limited area of the skin, spots, papules, vesicles and crusts can be seen at the same time.
In the last days of the rash, the elements of the rash become smaller and often do not reach the stage of bubbles. On the mucous membranes, simultaneously with a rash, vesicles appear on the skin, which quickly soften, turning into an ulcer with a yellowish-gray bottom, surrounded by a red rim. More often it is 1-3 elements. Healing is fast.
Chickenpox can occur at normal or sub-febrile temperature, but more often there is a temperature in the range of 38-38.5 ° C. The temperature reaches its maximum during the most intense precipitation of bubbles: with the cessation of the appearance of new elements, it decreases to normal.
The general condition of patients in most cases is disturbed unsharply. The duration of the disease is 1.5-2 weeks. The source of chickenpox are patients with chickenpox or shingles. The patient is dangerous from the beginning of the rash of bubbles and up to 5 days after the appearance of the last elements of the rash.After that, despite the presence of drying crusts, the patient is not contagious. From the moment of infection, chickenpox appears between the 11th and 21st day. The patient is isolated at home until the 5th day, counting from the end of the rash.
Pseudotuberculosis
Pseudotuberculosis is an acute infectious disease characterized by general intoxication, fever, scarlet fever-like rash, lesions of the small intestine, liver and joints. Mice are the source of infection. After eating contaminated foods (raw vegetables) and water, after 8-10 days, the body temperature rises, which is accompanied by repeated chills, nausea, and vomiting.
The rash is punctate, abundant, located mainly on the flexor surface of the arms, the lateral parts of the body and on the abdomen in the area of the inguinal folds. Along with a small punctate rash, small-spotted elements are sometimes observed, mainly around large joints (wrist, elbow, ankle), or hemorrhages in the form of separate points or stripes in natural skin folds and on the lateral surfaces of the chest.
The rash disappears more often by the 5-7th day of illness, rarely remains until 8-10 days. After its disappearance, lamellar peeling often appears. Simultaneously with the blanching of the rash, the condition of the patients improves, the temperature decreases quite quickly. The main difference from scarlet fever is the absence or lesser severity of tonsillitis and lymphadenitis typical of scarlet fever.
The rash in pseudotuberculosis differs from the punctate homogeneous scarlet fever by frequent polymorphism: along with the punctate, there are punctate and papular.
Pseudotuberculosis is characterized by a symptom of "gloves" and "socks" (limited hyperemia of the hands and feet), in contrast to scarlet fever. Frequent changes in the digestive organs for pseudotuberculosis are also not characteristic of scarlet fever. Clinically, the diagnosis is rarely established. Usually it is confirmed by the results of laboratory tests (bak. inoculation and detection of antibodies in RPHA).
Shingles
The varicella-zoster virus can also cause shingles. Herpes zoster is more common in adults aged 40-70 years, who mostly had earlier (usually in childhood) chickenpox. The incidence increases during the cold season.
Localization of pain and rash corresponds to the affected nerves (usually intercostal) and has a girdle character. Initially, infiltration and hyperemia of the skin occur, on which bubbles then appear in groups, filled with transparent, and then cloudy contents.
The bubbles dry up and turn into crusts. When rashes appear, the pain usually becomes less intense. A patient with shingles is isolated to avoid the spread of chicken pox.
Unlike chicken pox, with shingles, the rash is monomorphic (only spots or only vesicles can be seen at the same time), and there are pronounced pains in the intercostal nerves.
Rickettsiosis
A smallpox-like rash also occurs with a disease such as vesicular rickettsiosis. The infection is transmitted through a tick bite, it is possible to introduce the pathogen with the remnants of crushed ticks by the person himself into the skin or mucous membrane of the eyes and mouth. Sick people are not dangerous.
First, at the site of the bite, an ulcer is noted ranging in size from 2-3 mm to 1 cm, located on a dense base. The bottom of the ulcer is covered with a black-brown scab, around it is a corolla of bright red hyperemia.Headache, chills, weakness, muscle pain appear. The fever usually lasts 5-7 days. The rash appears on the 2-4th day of fever, at first it has a maculopapular character, after 1-2 days a bubble appears in the center of most of the rash elements, then turns into a pustule with the formation of a crust (characteristic polymorphism of the rash).
A rash in the form of individual elements is observed on the trunk, limbs, extends to the scalp. When infected through the mucous membranes, conjunctivitis and aphthous stomatitis can be observed.
Scabies
Vesicular and papulo-vesicular elements on the skin occur with scabies. Diagnosis is usually not difficult. The disease is accompanied by severe itching, especially at night.
At the point where the tick entered under the skin, a bubble is visible. More often the rash looks like small red papules (like a poppy) or vesicles. The most common localization of the rash is the soles and palms, buttocks, flexor surfaces of the forearms, abdomen, inner thighs.
With insufficient hygienic care, scabies is complicated by pyoderma and spreads throughout the skin. On the body of a patient with scabies, scabies are visible, which look like gray and curved lines.
Syphilis
Sometimes skin tuberculosis has to be differentiated from syphilis. In the absence of treatment of primary syphilis, a secondary period occurs, which is characterized by rashes on the skin and mucous membranes. The eruptive elements in this period are characterized by significant polymorphism - roseola, papules, pustules, leukoderma.
Thus, the entire secondary period of syphilis proceeds cyclically, that is, the replacement of old rashes with latent ones. Throughout the entire period of the secondary period (up to 5-6 years), the same patient may have several similar relapses.
If the patient at this stage is not treated or is treated inaccurately, then syphilis will move into its tertiary period. The nature of the rash is somewhat different in the fresh secondary period from the recurrent one.
With a fresh period, the rash is abundant, scattered over large areas of the body and does not merge, and with relapses, it is larger, but often scarce, with a tendency to merge and group with the formation of arcs, semicircles, rings, etc.
With late relapses and a more malignant course of syphilis, a pustular (pustular) rash and leukoderma appear (whitish spots that form, as it were, a lace collar on the neck - the “necklace of Venus” - and differ in a smaller amount on the upper third of the body).
Diagnosis of syphilis consists of taking into account the anamnesis, clinical examination data and laboratory tests (RMP, RSK, RPHA, ELISA, RIF).
Sources: vk.mlm-planet.net.ua, lunichkina.ru
Skin rash not associated with infection
- Lupus erythematosus. Skin changes in class lupus - a severe systemic rheumatological disease - are most often localized on open areas of the skin - the face, neck, auricles, upper chest. Skin changes on the nose and cheeks are typical, resembling a butterfly with wings spread.
The altered skin has a slightly edematous appearance, intense pink color, the size of the spot gradually increases, then small, dense grayish-white scales appear on it. Over time, the focus turns into a rather dense plaque with white areas of cicatricial atrophy on it. The condition of the skin in the lesion worsens in the spring and summer.
- Seborrheic dermatitis - skin changes are located on areas of the skin rich in sebaceous glands (face, scalp, skin folds). There are yellow-red spots and papules with clear contours, of various sizes. The surface of the elements is greasy, often flaky. The apparently unaltered skin next to the elements also peels off. In the skin folds, weeping, the formation of sticky crusts and cracks are noted.
- Melanoma - outwardly the most malignant skin cancer most often looks like a brown pigmentation area slightly elevated above the skin level, ranging in size from 2-3 mm, with multiple pinkish-gray and black patches, with irregularly shaped edges and reddened skin around the periphery.
- Senile (seborrheic) keratoma - a yellow or brown spot, prone to growth, over time becomes covered with greasy crusts, which at first are easily removed, over time become darker, dense, thick, covered with cracks. Localization - closed areas of the skin.
- Vitiligo is characterized by the appearance of depigmented (white) patches that vary in size and shape. Spots can merge with each other, areas of increased pigmentation are noted around the spots.
- Acne vulgaris - appear on the face and trunk, most often - during puberty. Varieties of acne: comedones (spot acne), papules and pustules, nodes and cysts (abscessing and spherical acne). Almost all types of acne leave scars behind.
- Solar keratosis - multiple foci with excessive keratinization in the form of a grayish dry crust, located on areas of the skin exposed to excessive exposure to sunlight.
Urticaria - characterized by the sudden appearance of rounded itchy blisters of various sizes, pale red in color with a pink border around the edge, the center of the blister has a matte hue. The blisters may coalesce. - Solar urticaria - occurs in people with increased sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation, characterized by the appearance of blisters on exposed skin, mainly after exposure to the sun.
- Psoriasis. In the beginning, a few pink-red or bright red papules appear, covered with a large number of silvery scales. Over time, the number of papules increases, they merge with the formation of symmetrically located plaques of various shapes and sizes. Primary elements often appear on the extensor surfaces of large joints and on the scalp.
- Mechanical dermatitis (mechanical dermatitis or dermatitis mechanica) occurs with friction and pressure on areas of the skin. They are characterized by the formation of areas of redness, less often - large blisters, erosions and even ulcerations.
- Intertrigo is a type of mechanical dermatitis that occurs against the background of excessive sweating in natural skin folds (between the buttocks, in the groin, armpits, under the breasts). There is marked redness and swelling of the skin, the formation of erosions. Accompanied by a burning sensation, itching.
- Medicinal toxidermia - against the background of reddened skin, inflammatory spots, blisters, papules of various colors, shapes and sizes appear. Often there is a symmetrical arrangement of elements. After the disappearance of the elements of the rash, areas of hyperpigmentation remain.