Visual arts of Western Europe 17th century presentation. Art of Western Europe of the 17th century presentation, report

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“Man is only a reed, the weakest of the creatures of nature, but he is a thinking reed.” B. Pascal.

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Features of the perception of the world in the XVII century

There is a contradiction between the ideals of humanism and harsh reality.
Man has no control over himself and his destiny.
A person depends on circumstances and time, is in perpetual motion and change.
Tragic shades appear

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Pessimism and optimism of great writers

The writers of the 16th-17th centuries did not idealize man, they were fully aware of his weaknesses and vices.
They saw how selfishness, passion for gain, cruelty continue to reign in the world, and they experienced it keenly.
But still, in spite of everything, they wanted to believe that thanks to the mind and the best spiritual qualities of people, goodness would triumph in the world.

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Cervantes and his Knight of the Sorrowful Image.

In 1605, a book was published, the fame of which quickly spread throughout Europe.

We are talking about "The Cunning Hidalgo Don Quixote of Lamance" by Miguel Cervantes de Saavedra.

Poverty forced him to take up literature. He was the author of poems, plays and short stories, but Don Quixote brought him fame in his old age.

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Don Quixote was conceived as a parody of popular chivalric novels, after reading which, the half-impoverished nobleman Alonso Quixana began to dream of chivalric exploits.
In search of glory, he goes on a journey with a simple peasant, elevated by him to the squire - Sancho Panza.

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The image of Don Quixote is a symbol of courage and disinterestedness

The exploits of Don Quixote turn out to be ridiculous against the backdrop of real life: he takes inns for castles, maids for beautiful ladies, fights with windmills.
However, irony gradually gives way to sympathy for the hero of the novel, who everywhere seeks to restore justice, help the weak, protect the offended.

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William Shakespeare 1564-1616

Born in the provincial town of Stratford-upon-Avon.
He suddenly broke with the burgher life, with his family and went to London to join the restless tribe of actors. His plays were staged on the stage of the Globe Theatre.

great English playwright

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“The whole world is a theater, and the people in it are actors” The images created by Shakespeare are so bright and psychologically accurate that they have become a household name.

SYMBOL OF ALL-CONQUERING LOVE-ROMEO AND JULIET

SYMBOL OF JEALY-OTELLO

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General characteristics of art

Painting comes first.
Two styles: baroque and classicism
The Rise of Landscape Art
Individual approach to a person
The world is a contradictory changeable unity
A different perception of nature
The heyday of large national art schools in Italy, Flanders, Spain, France, Holland.

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Perception of reality

Artists of the 17th century perceive reality more integrally.
Now a prominent place in art is occupied by genres that were not previously common, for example, the genre of everyday life, the image of animals, still life.

A completely new understanding of composition. It becomes more natural and dynamic, depth and space are boldly used.

Coloristic achievements of art

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The development of fine arts. Character traits.

Expansion of themes, development of new independent genres or development and deepening of those that already existed in the Renaissance
Increased interest in the individual personality, in all the features of its physical appearance and character, emphasized attention to the inner world of a person
The rise of portraiture
The development of a psychological portrait.

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baroque art

A new artistic style emerged in Italy.
The Italian term meant "bizarre", "strange".
In the 17th century, he quickly captured all of Europe, especially the Catholic countries.
Baroque is full of movement, emotions, passions, religious ecstasy.
He is characterized by emphasized decorativeness and entertainment; the imagination of artists and architects knew no bounds - they turned the facades of buildings and sculptural compositions into a kind of flowing, seething and billowing waves

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In Spain, the 17th century was marked by the rise of religious painting.

FRANCISCO ZURBARAN

JUSEPE RIBERA

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The brightest representative of baroque architecture was Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini

Baroque was the favorite style of the Catholic Church.
Bernini created the ensemble of the square in front of St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican.

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Bernini was a talented sculptor who knew how to convey in his works:

THE MOMENT OF THE HIGHEST EMOTIONAL VOLTAGE IN THE SCULPTURE "ECSTAZE OF SAINT TERESA"

THE MOMENT OF PUMPY MOVEMENT, FLIGHT IN THE SCULPTURE "APOLLO AND DAFNE"

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His painting seemed very unusual to his contemporaries because of the sharp contrasts of light and shadow.
The characters of Caravaggio are full of mystery and significance, although they are just ordinary peasant youths.

One of the most interesting Italian artists of the 16th-17th centuries was Michelangelo da Caravaggio (1573-1610)

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Paintings by Caravaggio

"CARD SHOOTER"

"Young Man with a Lute"

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Baroque

Baroque is designed to glorify the monarchy, the church and the aristocracy.

Diego Velazquez:

Pope Innocent X

Portrait of a courtier
dwarf

Portrait of Philip IV

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Diego Velasquez 1599-1660

He was the court painter of King Philip IV, left a magnificent gallery of portraits of the monarch, his relatives, court entourage.

The greatest Spanish artist of the 17th century worked in the genre of a formal portrait.

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Portrait of Pope Innocent X

Velazquez was not only an excellent colorist, but also a subtle psychologist who knew how to convey the character of his hero.

“Too truthful!” - this is what Innocent X said about his portrait.

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Paintings by Velasquez

INFANTA

PRINCE BALTHAZAR

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The most famous artist was a Fleming (a native of the Netherlands)

Peter Paul Rubens
He loved nudity and abundance of flesh. He was a great colorist, perfectly mastered chiaroscuro.

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In the 17th century, the Dutch school of painting produced many excellent masters who worked in various genres.

He created many portraits commissioned by rich Amsterdam burghers, painted portraits of his relatives - his wife and son, and more than 60 self-portraits in different periods of his life.

Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn
the most prominent among them.

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Rembrandt paintings

"RETURN OF THE PRODIGAL SON"

"THE NIGHT WATCH"

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Conclusion: the Baroque style is built on contrasts and asymmetries, gravitates toward grandiosity and lush decorativeness.

Rembrandt, The Holy Family

Jacob van Ruisdael, "View of the village of Egmont"

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IT WAS CALLED "THE SUN KING".

Classicism took shape in the 17th century in France, reflecting the rise of absolutism, or absolute monarchy. Such a monarch, whose reign in France was the apogee of absolutism, was Louis XIV, king of the Bourbon dynasty.

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IDEOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF CLASSICISM:

1. STRENGTHENING THE ABSOLUTE MONARCHY, THE MONARCH IS THE EMBODIMENT OF THE REASONABLE.
2. THE PERFORMANCE OF DUTY, SERVICE TO THE STATE IDEA IS DECLARED THE HIGHEST Dignity of a HUMAN.

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AESTHETIC PRINCIPLES OF CLASSICISM:
1. STRICT DIVISION INTO GENRES.
2. LOGICAL CONSISTENCY OF THE WORK: THREE UNITIES: PLACE, TIME, ACTION
3. MAJOR CONFLICT: PERSONAL AND CIVIL INTERESTS, FEELING AND DUTY.
4. INHERITANCE OF ANTIQUITY AS A MODEL.
5. HEROES OF "ONE PASSION", "IMAGES WITHOUT FACES". THEY DO NOT CHANGE, BEING EXPRESSIONS OF GENERAL TRUTH.
6. THE USE OF A POLITARY LANGUAGE IS EXCLUDED.

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How did the artists of the Renaissance and classicism treat ancient art?

HARMONY;

HUMAN MIND.

ancient art

rebirth

Classicism

Respect for a person;

Singing of experiences, feelings, love.

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Rationalism Descartes: "I think, therefore I am."

PHILOSOPHICAL
BASIS OF CLASSICISM:
The name of the philosopher, physicist, mathematician Descartes is also associated with the emergence of classicism.
The basis of everything is the mind, only that which is reasonable is beautiful.

General characteristics of art Painting comes first. Two styles: baroque and classicism The heyday of landscape art An individual approach to man The world is a contradictory and changeable unity A different perception of nature The heyday of large national art schools in Italy, Flanders, Spain, France, Holland.

The heyday of gardening art - regular "French" parks, landscape "English" parks with bosquets, alleys, parterres and reservoirs of geometrically regular shapes with their rectilinear paths and curly shapes of carefully trimmed bushes emphasized the absolute control of man over nature. a picturesque composition like a natural landscape with lawns affirms the highest value of that art which is indistinguishable from nature.

Development of fine arts Expansion of themes, development of new independent genres or development and deepening of those that already existed in the Renaissance Increased interest in the individual personality, in all the features of its physical appearance and character, emphasized attention to the inner world of a person Rise of portrait art Development of a psychological portrait.

Perception of reality Artists of the 17th century perceive reality more whole. Now a prominent place in art is occupied by genres that were not previously common, for example, the genre of everyday life, the image of animals, still life. A completely new understanding of composition. It becomes more natural and dynamic, depth and space are boldly used. Coloristic achievements of art

Classicism Translated from Latin - classicus - exemplary. The world is a rationally organized mechanism striving for reason and order. Classicism is characterized by symmetry, harmony, sublimity of the artistic language, the predominance of light colors. The ideal for the classics is antiquity.

Baroque
Italy
Spain
Holland
France
Flanders
Classicism
Realism

Classicism (classicisme, from Latin classicus - exemplary)

Classicism architecture

Realism

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Art of Western Europe XVII century - I half. XIX century MBOU "Rostilov School" Teacher of fine arts: Zabelin Alexander Valentinovich

Historical artistic styles Certain stages in the history of art, when a single artistic system was formed, covering various types of art and artistic creativity. Baroque - k. XVI - ser. 18th century Rococo - I floor. 17th century Classicism - XVII - beg. 19th century Empire - early 19th century Romanticism - I half. 19th century Realism - XVIII-XIX centuries.

Baroque from Italian. barocco - whimsical, strange. It dominated the art of European countries from the end of the 16th to the middle of the 18th century. The birthplace of the Baroque style is Italy. The main characteristics: scale, abundance of decor, stormy dynamics, the desire for illusory effects in the interior (an abundance of mirrors and picturesque ceiling lamps visually increase the space). The predominance of exquisite curved lines, swirling movements, golden, bright tones. In Russia, the development of the Baroque falls on the first half and the middle of the 17th century.

"Union of Earth and Water" (Schelde and Antwerp) 1618 "Hunting for tigers and lions" 1617-1618 In the work of Rubens, the Baroque style found its final expression. There is always a powerful sense of life in his works. His characters are full of spiritual strength and energy. Rubens' compositions are always imbued with movement. Bodily power, intensity of passions and feelings - such is the world of Rubens' paintings, a sublime, heroic world, but connected with earthly reality. Peter Paul Rubens 1577 - 1640 The greatest Flemish painter of the 17th century, a brilliant representative of the Baroque style in Europe.

French Rococo. rococo, from rocaille - shell European artistic style of the first half of the 17th century. Originated in France (reign of Louis XV). Distinctive features: asymmetry, rich decor, light color palette, preference for small, fractional, bizarre shapes. A special range of plots in the visual arts - idyllic scenes from the life of shepherds and shepherdesses (pastorals), gallant scenes and mythological scenes, often with a playful tinge.

Gamma of love Gilles Jean - Antoine Watteau 1684 - 1721 He became famous as a master of the image of "gallant festivities". Watteau created his own unique image in art - this is an aristocratic society in the park, playing music, dancing, idle; a life in which there seems to be no action, no plot - scenes of a carefree life, conveyed with refined grace. There is neither human grief nor violent joy here, it is rather a masquerade, and not real life.

Classicism Large European style of the 17th - early 19th century, oriented towards ancient art and the Renaissance. Characteristic features: harmony and measure in everything, balance and symmetry, statics, preference for clear geometric shapes (circle, ellipse, square, rectangle). A stable compositional and coloristic system for solving a painting canvas with a division into three color and spatial planes (brown - first, green - middle, blue - far). The most complete classicist system developed in France in the 17th - mid-18th centuries. A new wave of classicism falls on the beginning of the 19th century, Rome becomes the center of classic art. In Russia, the flowering of classicism falls on the last third of the 18th - the first third of the 19th century.

Arcadian shepherds 1638-1639 Tancred and Erminia 1630 Nicolas Poussin 1594 - 1665 The greatest French artist of the 17th century. Classicism as a style of painting is most clearly expressed in his work. In 1623 Poussin left France and spent most of his life in Italy. Poussin's paintings are written on mythological and biblical themes. In them, the artist is attracted by strong characters, high feelings, the desire for truth and justice. To educate the viewer in virtue - Poussin saw this as the main purpose of art.

Empire French. empire - empire Style in architecture, painting and applied arts of the first three decades of the 19th century, the final stage of classicism. He relied on the art of the Greek archaic and imperial Rome.

Oath of the Horatii 1784 Death of Marat 1793 Jacques - Louis David 1748 - 1825 French painter, an outstanding representative of neoclassicism. He created canvases that sang of citizenship, fidelity to duty, heroism, the ability to sacrifice. David's painting "The Oath of the Horatii" depicts one of the episodes in the history of Ancient Rome. During the period of hostility between the cities of Rome and Alba Longa, three brothers from the Horatii family had to go to the death duel with childhood friends from the Curiatii family. David emphasizes the unyielding determination of the young men to fulfill their duty: Father Horatii raises his swords, and the brothers swear to win or die.

French romanticism. romantisme is a strange, fantastic ideological and artistic trend in European and American culture of the first half of the 19th century.

The Raft of the Medusa 1819 Theodore Gericault 1791 - 1824 French artist, a prominent representative of romanticism in Western European art of the early 19th century. In the center of the works of romantics is a bright, outstanding personality who is in conflict with society or opposes the elements of nature. Wounded cuirassier

French realism. realisme, from lat. realis - real, real. Artistic style in European art of the 18th - 19th centuries.

The Sower 1850 Gatherers 1857 Through the expressive almost sculptural chiaroscuro of the sculpting figures of people in large undivided masses and the restrained power of color, Millet seeks to achieve a generalizing typification of heroes in the belief that it is the collective "type that is the deepest truth in art." Francois Millet 1814 - 1875 Coming from the people, the artist is rightfully considered the largest representative of the truly folk genre in the art of France in the 19th century.

What art styles are paintings? 1 Rubens "Perseus and Andromeda" 4 Watteau "The Capricious" 2 Poussin "Judgment of Solomon" 3 David "Napoleon's Crossing the Alps" 5 Géricault "Officer of the Imperial Horse Rangers" 6 Millais "The Gatherers" Baroque Classicism Empire Rococo Romanticism Realism

Homework Write (print) a message on the topic: “10 interesting facts from the life and work ...” by Peter Powell Rubens; Jean-Antoine Watteau; Nicolas Poussin; Jacques-Louis David; Theodore Gericault; Francois Millet.

Message on the topic: "10 interesting facts from the life and work of Francois Millet" 1 Jean-Francois Millet was born on October 4, 1814. In the village of Grouchy, in Normandy. His father was an organist at the local church. Millet worked on a farm from an early age, but at the same time he received a good education, studied Latin and retained a love of literature throughout his life. From childhood he showed the ability to draw. 2 In 1839 Millet received an order for a posthumous portrait of the former mayor of Cherbourg, but the work was rejected due to little resemblance to the deceased. To make ends meet, the artist earned some money by painting signs. 3 In 1853 He married a second time to Catherine Lemaire (his first wife, Pauline Ono, died of tuberculosis in 1844). Millais had nine children from this marriage. 4 At the Salon of 1848. Millais showed the painting "Flower". The canvas received laudatory reviews, and it was purchased by the Minister of the French government, Alexandre Ledre-Roller. The following year, he fled the country to the United States - the painting disappeared with him. It was even believed that it burned down during a fire in Boston in 1872. In 1972 - exactly 100 years after the alleged death - the original "Flower" was found in the USA, in the attic of one of the houses. 5 In 1860 Millais signed a contract with E. Blanc and A. Stevens, under which he undertook to supply them annually with 25 paintings for sale. In 1866 The artist broke the contract, considering it burdensome. But numerous exhibitions organized by art dealers had already done their job, and Millet's popularity continued to grow. 6 In 1889, Millet's painting "Angelus" was put up for sale, the Louvre and a consortium of American sales agents fiercely fought for it. The Americans won, having paid for the canvas a record amount for those times - 580,000 francs. In 1909 it was repurchased and donated to the Louvre by one of the French moneybags. 7 Images of peasant life inspired many artists who followed Millet. Like Pissarro, Van Gogh and Gauguin, Millet sought in the peasant life the ideal of a patriarchal world, not yet infected with the noxious breath of civilization. 8 Millais never worked en plein air. His paintings were always carefully thought out, weighed, and all his scenes of "true life" were born in the imagination, having nothing to do with the experience of direct observation. 9 Millet's paintings were promoted as an example to follow in communist countries, where culture was built on the principles of "socialist realism". 10 Surprisingly, there are more paintings by Millet in the US than in his homeland, France.